• 中文核心期刊
  • CSCD来源期刊
  • 中国科技核心期刊
  • CA、CABI、ZR收录期刊

大蒜素及纳豆菌对福建白兔生产性能、抗氧化活性、肠道形态及菌群的影响

Effects of Allicin and Bacillus natto Supplements on Production, Antioxidant Enzymes, Intestinal Morphology, and Cecal Microbiota of Fujian White Rabbits

    摘要
  • 摘要:
      目的  研究大蒜素、纳豆菌及其复合物对福建白兔生产性能、抗氧化活性、肠道形态和菌群的影响，筛选合适的添加剂替代饲料抗生素。
      方法  选取48只体重相近的40日龄福建白兔，随机分成4组，每组12只（公母各半），试验期50 d。对照组饲喂基础饲粮（A组，CK），试验在基础饲粮上分别添加200 mg·kg−1大蒜素、0.5%纳豆菌、200 mg·kg−1大蒜素+0.5%纳豆菌，设置大蒜素处理组（B组）、纳豆菌处理组（C组）和大蒜素+纳豆菌处理组（D组）。试验期间测定生产性能，试验结束测定屠宰性能、血清抗氧化酶、肠道形态和盲肠菌群结构。
      结果  （1）试验组的腹泻率和死亡率都低于对照组；平均日增重大蒜素+纳豆菌处理（D组）极显著高于基础饲粮处理组（A组）和大蒜素处理组（B组）（P＜0.01），显著高于纳豆菌处理组（C组）（P＜0.05）；D组料重比最低，半净膛重极显著高于A组和B组（P＜0.01）；全净膛率和半净膛率各组之间差异不显著。（2）血清中GSH-Px含量，对照组均显著低于试验组，且A组和B组差异显著（P＜0.05）， A组和C、D组差异极显著（P＜0.01）。（3）回肠隐窝深度B组显著高于C组（P＜0.05）；空肠隐窝深度，对照组低于试验组，且与B组差异极显著（P＜0.01），与D组差异显著（P＜0.05）。（4）菌群结构分析，科水平和属水平盲肠unclassified_o__Clostridiales菌科、菌属在组间差异均显著 （P＜0.05），且A组显著高于D 组；属水平Ruminococcaceae_UCG-010在组间差异显著 （P＜0.05），A组显著高于C 组。
      结论  大蒜素和纳豆菌联合使用可提高福建白兔平均日增重、半净膛重，降低料重比，增加空肠隐窝深度，减少有害菌，调整肠道菌群平衡，降低腹泻和死亡，促进生长发育。

     

    Abstract:
      Objective  Effects of addition of allicin and/or Bacillus natto in feed on the production performance, antioxidant enzymes, intestinal morphology, and cecal microbiota of Fujian white rabbits were studied for forage supplement as an antibiotic replacement.
      Method  Forty-eight healthy 40-day-old Fujian white rabbits with similar body weight were randomly divided into 4 groups of 12 rabbits each, half male and half female, for a 50 d feeding trial. The rabbits in the control group were fed a basal diet (Group A), while those in the treatment groups the basal diet supplemented with 200 mg·kg−1 allicin (Group B), 0.5% B. natto (Group C), and 200 mg·kg−1 allicin+0.5% B. natto (Group D). Growth of the rabbits was monitored during the trial, and at the end, the animals were slaughtered to determine the meat production, serum antioxidant enzymes, intestinal morphology, and cecum microbiota.
      Results   (1) The rates of diarrhea occurrence and mortality of the rabbits in Group B, C, and D were lower than those of Group A. The average daily weight gain of Group D was significantly higher than that of Group A and B at P＜0.01 and Group C at P＜0.05. Group D had the lowest F/G among all, and significantly higher half-eviscerated weight than that of Group A or Group B (P＜0.01). No significant differences were observed in the eviscerated and half-eviscerated rates among the groups. (2) On serum GSH-Px, Group A was significantly lower than Group B, C and D. The difference between group A and Group B was significant (P＜0.05), while those between Group A and Group C and between Group A and Group D extremely significant (P＜0.01). (3) The ileal crypt depth of Group B was significantly higher than Group C(P ＜0.05). Group A had a lower depth of jejunum crypt than the treatment groups and significantly different from Group B (P＜0.01) and Group D (P＜0.05). (4) The unclassified_o__Clostridiales significantly differed at both family and genus levels among the groups (P＜0.05) with Group A being significantly higher than Group D. Whereas, at genus level, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-010 significantly differed among the groups (P＜0.05), but Group A was significantly higher than Group C.
      Conclusion  The combined use of allicin and B. natto in feed significantly increased the average daily weight gain and half-eviscerated weight, decreased the F/G, increased the depth of jejunum crypt, reduced the harmful bacteria population, balanced the cecum microbiota, mitigated diarrhea and deaths, promoted the growth and development of Fujian white rabbits.

     

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