植物生长调节剂拌种对马铃薯生长发育、光合特性及产量的影响

吴雁斌; 吕和平; 高彦萍; 梁宏杰; 罗爱花; 张武

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2022.005.004

植物生长调节剂拌种对马铃薯生长发育、光合特性及产量的影响

Effects of Treating Seeds with Growth Regulator on Growth, Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield of Potato Plants

摘要

摘要:
目的探究不同生长调节剂拌种对马铃薯种薯生长发育、光合特性及产量的影响，筛选适合生产小型种薯的生长调节剂。
方法以马铃薯红美原种为供试材料，采用随机区组设计，利用不同含量的5%氨基寡糖素、甲壳寡糖素、寡聚酸碘、6-BA，复配6种生长调节剂（D1~D6），清水为对照（CK），研究生长调节剂拌种对马铃薯植株生长、光合及产量的影响。
结果 D2（10 mL·L⁻¹ 5%氨基寡糖素+2.5 mg·L⁻¹6-BA+7.5 mL·L⁻¹寡聚酸碘）、D5（5 mL·L⁻¹甲壳寡糖素+2.5 mg·L⁻¹ 6-BA+7.5 mL·L⁻¹寡聚酸碘）处理出苗期较其他处理提前2 d，盛花期也较CK处理提前5 d和4 d。D3（10 mL·L⁻¹ 5%氨基寡糖素+2.5 mg·L⁻¹ 6-BA）和D4（5 mL·L⁻¹甲壳寡糖素+7.5 mL·L⁻¹寡聚酸碘）株高较CK分别提高12 cm和9 cm。D2处理茎粗最大，主茎数最少，茎粗生长速率最大，较CK高79.16%。D3处理茎粗最小，主茎数最多；D2处理马铃薯叶片净光合速率最大，显著高于对照，较对照增加53.86%。D2处理胞间CO₂浓度、气孔导度与D5处理无差异，显著高于其他处理。D2处理显著提高了≤50 g块茎比率，而D5处理显著提高了＞50 g块茎比率。D2处理单株结薯数最高，产量35335.94 kg·hm⁻²；D5处理单株薯重最高，产量30572.42 kg·hm⁻²。
结论 D2处理拌种处理能够提高马铃薯茎粗、叶绿素含量、光合速率和单株薯重，进而提高马铃薯小薯率和产量，适用于马铃薯机械化种植中原种生产；D5处理可提高单株薯重、大薯数量及产量，提高马铃薯商品薯产量。

Abstract:
Objective Effects of seed treatment with growth regulators on the growth and yield of potato plants were studied to select the suitable regulators for small potato.
Method Using randomized block design, seeds of Hongmei potatoes were treated with 6 formulated growth regulating solutions (D1—D6) or water as control (CK). The solutions contained 5% amino-oligosaccharides (AO), chitosan oligosaccharide (CO), iodine oligosaccharide acids (IOA), and/or 6-BA in varied concentrations. After treatment, the seed germination as well as the plant growth, development, photosynthesis, and yield were determined for an analysis.
Result The seeds treated with D2 (10 mL·L⁻¹ AO + 2.5 mg·L⁻¹ 6-BA+7.5 mL·L⁻¹ IOA) or D5 (5 mL·L⁻¹ CO + 2.5 mg·L⁻¹ 6-BA+7.5 mL·L⁻¹ IOA) germinated 2 d earlier than the others. The flowering stage of the plants began 5 d earlier with D2 and 4 d earlier with D5 than with CK. Treatment D3 (10 mL·L⁻¹ AO + 2.5 mg·L⁻¹ 6-BA) or D4 (5 mL·L⁻¹ CO+7.5 mL·L⁻¹ IOA) increased the plant height by 12 cm and 9 cm, respectively, over those of CK. Among all treatments, D2 produced the least number of main stems but the largest stem girth and the greatest growth rate that was 79.16% higher than CK; whereas D3 the smallest stem girth and the largest number of main stems. The plant photosynthetic rate was significantly enhanced by D2 with a 53.86% increase over CK. The CO₂ concentration and stomatal conductance of D2- and D5-treated plants were not significantly different but significantly higher than the others. On tuber productivity, D2 significantly increased the proportion of tuber weighed ≤50 g, while D5 significantly raised that of＞50 g. D2 gave the highest number of tubers per plant with a yield of 35 335.94 kg·hm⁻², whereas D5 the greatest weight of tubers per plant with a yield of 30572.42 kg·hm⁻².
Conclusion It appeared that the seeds treated by D2 could increase the stem girth, chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate, and tuber weight per plant of the potato plants. As a result, the plant yield and small tuber rate were increased making it desirable for mechanized cultivation. On the other hand, the seed treatment of D5 boosted the tuber weight per plant and the number and yield of large-sized tubers.

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