平菇单核体与双核体差异的RAPD分析

张朝辉; 王勋; 陈天航; 梅会元; 韩盼盼; 刘天翔; 王振河; 邱立友

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2022.005.013

平菇单核体与双核体差异的RAPD分析

RAPD Analysis on Differences between Monokaryotic and Dikaryotic Pleurotus ostreatus

摘要

摘要:
目的探究平菇单双核菌丝体间的差异，为平菇品种培育提供技术理论基础。
方法从平菇TD300的担孢子中分离得到两个单核菌株MK13和MK3，通过交配得到优良双核菌株DK300，进行平板试验和出菇试验，测定4个菌株的菌丝生长状况和出菇产量，再利用随机扩增多态性DNA（Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA，RAPD）标记技术检测4个菌株之间的遗传差异性。
结果 DK300与亲本TD300在菌丝生长状况和产量上没有显著性差异，但MK13、MK3和交配所得的DK300与亲本TD300间存在较大的遗传差异性，而MK13、MK3和DK300间遗传差异性较小，尤其是MK3和DK300间遗传差异性最小。
结论经过减数分裂形成担孢子时可能发生有基因重组，而通过两个单核菌株交配得到双核菌株过程则较少发生基因重组。

Abstract:
Objective Differences between uni- and bi-nucleate mycelia of Pleurotus ostreatus were studied to aid the mushroom breeding and cultivation.
Method Monokaryons MK13 and MK3 were isolated from basidiospores of P. ostreatus TD300 and mated to obtain the dikaryotic DK300. Conventional plate and fruiting tests were applied to compare the mycelial growth and fruiting body yield of the 4 strains. Genetic differences of the strains were determined by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers.
Result There were no significant differences in mycelial growth and fruiting body yield between DK300 and TD300. However, a significant genetic difference existed between the offspring (i.e., MK13, MK3, and DK300) and parent TD300. The differences among MK13, MK3, and DK300 were minute, especially between MK3 and DK300.
Conclusion Gene recombination might occur during the basidiospore formation by meiosis, but less likely in the mating of two monokaryotic strains to generate a dikaryotic offspring.

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