稻田基施改性聚天门冬氨酸尿素的效果研究

赵颖; 王娜; 牛世伟; 张鑫; 徐嘉翼; 隋世江; 任轩

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2022.008.003

稻田基施改性聚天门冬氨酸尿素的效果研究

Effects of modified polyaspartic acid urea basal application in paddy field

摘要

摘要:
目的探究基施不同分子量改性聚天门冬氨酸（PASP）尿素对水稻产量、氮肥利用率及田面水氮素变化的影响。
方法以辽宁省水稻高产区辽河三角洲为试验区域，基于减量施氮情况下，将不同分子量改性PASP与尿素进行复配，通过大田试验研究基施不同分子量改性聚天尿素对稻田田面水氮素动态变化、水稻氮吸收利用及生长影响；利用灰色关联度法，综合评价基施不同分子量改性聚天尿素在稻田中的应用效果。
结果与大颗粒尿素处理相比，不同分子量改性聚天尿素处理降低了田面水氮素浓度，尤其在施基肥后第3天，分子量7500、10000和12500的改性聚天尿素处理田面水NH₄⁺-N浓度较大颗粒尿素处理显著降低了24.54%～56.66%。其中分子量10000的改性聚天尿素处理的田面水NH₄⁺-N浓度较分子量7500、12500和14700 的改性聚天尿素处理显著降低了36.84%～45.67%。施用分子量10000的改性聚天尿素能促进水稻生长，提高养分吸收，使水稻产量增加8.22%，籽粒、秸秆氮吸收量显著增加36.47%和62.39%，氮肥表观利用率提高38.31个百分点。
结论通过对以上各指标进行综合评价，表明基施改性聚天尿素效果优于大颗粒尿素，且尿素添加改性PASP的最佳分子量为10000。推荐辽河三角洲稻区应用分子量10000的改性聚天尿素。

Abstract:
Objective In order to evaluate the effects of modified polyaspartic acid (PASP) urea with different molecular weights on rice yield, nitrogen use efficiency and nitrogen（N）concentrations in the surface water of paddy fields.
Method The Liaohe River delta, a rice-producing area in Liaoning Province, was selected as the experimental area, Modified PASP with different molecular weights was combined with urea. Then the effects of modified PASP urea with different molecular weights on N concentrations in the paddy field ponding water, rice growth, N uptake and utilization were studied under the condition of reduced nitrogen application. And the effects of basal modified PASP urea application with different molecular weights in paddy field were comprehensively evaluated by Grey Relational Analysis.
Result The results showed that modified PASP urea treatment tests decreased the N concentrations in the surface water compared with the large particle urea treatment test. In particular, NH₄⁺-N concentrations in the surface water in 7500mw, 10000mw and 12500mw modified PASP urea treatments test were significantly reduced by 20.23%～56.66% compared with large particle urea treatment test on the third day after basal fertilization. Among them, NH₄⁺-N concentrations in the surface water in 10000 mw modified PASP urea treatment test was significantly lower (36.84%～45.67%) than 7500,12500 and 14700 mw modified PASP urea treatment tests. The application of 10000 mw modified PASP urea could significantly promote rice growth, nutrient absorption, and increase yield, with a 8.22% higher yield, a 36.47% higher N uptake in grain, a 62.39% higher N absorption in straw, a 38.31 percentage point higher of N use-efficiency, compared to the control.
Conclusion Considering rice yield, nitrogen uptake, nitrogen use efficiency and N concentrations in the surface water, basal application of modified PASP urea treatment based on reduced nitrogen application was better than the treatment using large particle urea. Therefore, urea mixed with 10000 mw modified PASP urea is recommended to be used in Liaohe Delta rice region.

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