• 中文核心期刊
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  • 中国科技核心期刊
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多花黄精种子层积过程生理变化研究

Physiological Changes of Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua Seeds during Stratification

    摘要
  • 摘要:
      目的  探究自然变温条件下多花黄精种子层积过程的生理变化，为多花黄精种子休眠解除及促进萌发提供理论依据和指导。
      方法  将成熟的多花黄精种子进行5个月的湿沙层积，在自然变温条件下观测多花黄精种子从采后到大量萌发其间贮藏物质含量、相关酶活性以及内源激素含量变化。
      结果  多花黄精种子中的纤维素含量较淀粉含量高，层积初始时分别为263.5 mg·g−1和85.4 mg·g−1，之后持续分解，为休眠和萌发提供能量。可溶性糖含量(SS)在2020-01-23及萌发后均显著上升，可溶性蛋白（SP）在2020-01-23显著上升，萌发后迅速下降。超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）酶活性在2020-01-23达到峰值。α-淀粉酶、β-淀粉酶活性与可溶性糖含量呈极显著正相关。6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶（6-PGDH）活性在萌发前显著下降，萌发后显著上升，烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸激酶（NDK）酶活性则与之相反，二者呈显著负相关。茉莉酸类物质含量在层积前、中期交替升高后下降。异戊烯基腺苷（IPA）、激动素（K）、反式玉米素（tZ）、顺式玉米素（cZ）、二氢玉米素（dh-Z），吲哚-3-乙酸甲酯（ME-IAA）以及脱落酸（ABA）含量持续下降。异戊烯基腺嘌呤（IP）、反式玉米素核苷（tZR），吲哚-3-甲醛（ICA）、吲哚-3-乙酸（IAA）含量在未萌发时持续下降，萌发后快速上升。赤霉素A7（GA7）、1-氨基环丙烷羧酸（ACC）含量呈上升趋势，并在萌发后大幅上升。水杨酸含量（SA）在萌发后迅速上升。
      结论  淀粉和纤维素均为多花黄精种子的主要代谢物质，保护酶、淀粉酶及SS、SP含量在层积过程中为适应环境及促进萌发不断变化，茉莉酸类、生长素类及ABA共同维持休眠， GA7和ACC促进休眠解除和萌发，ICA、IAA、IP、tZR、SA促进萌发。

     

    Abstract:
      Objective  Physiological changes in seeds of Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua during stratification under natural climatic conditions were investigated.
      Method   Mature P. cyrtonema seeds were stratified in wet sand under natural climatic changes for 5 months from postharvest to massive germination. Contents of accumulated substances, related enzyme activities, and endogenous hormones in the seeds were continuously monitored.
      Result  The seed cellulose content was higher than starch, i.e., 263.5mg·g−1 vs. 85.4mg·g−1 , in the beginning of stratification but degraded continuously to provide energy in dormancy and for germination. The content of soluble sugar (SS) increased significantly on 23-01-2020 and after germination, while that of soluble protein (SP) increased significantly on 23-01-2020 and decreased rapidly after germination. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) peaked on 23-01-2020, those of α-amylase and β-amylase correlated with the soluble sugar content, and that of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (6-PGDH) decreased significantly before germination and increased significantly afterward. In contrast, the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide kinase (NADK) activity significantly negatively correlated with 6-PGDH . On the accumulated chemicals, jasmonates increased alternately in the period prior to and middle of stratification and then decreased; isopentenyl adenosine (IPA), kinetin (K), trans zeatin (tZ), cis zeatin (cZ), dihydrozeatin (dh-z), methyl Indole-3-acetate (ME-IAA), and abscisic acid (ABA) decreased continuously; isoopentenyl adenine (IP), trans zeatin nucleoside (tZR), indole-3-formaldehyde (ICA), and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) decreased continuously before germination and increased rapidly after germination; gibberellin A7 (GA7) and 1-aminocyclopropane carboxylic acid (ACC) increased during stratification and rapidly after germination; and salicylic acid (SA) increased rapidly after germination.
      Conclusion  Starch and cellulose were the main metabolites of P. cyrtonema seeds under stratification. The activities of protective enzymes and the contents of SS and SP were constantly changing to adapt to the environmental conditions in preparation for germination. Jasmonates, auxins, and ABA jointly promoted the seed dormancy, ACC and GA7 released dormancy for germination, while ICA, IAA, IP, TZR, and SA stimulated germination.

     

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