中草药提取复合物对乳鸽肠道微生物、生产性能和免疫器官指数的影响

陈志炫; 陈蕙如; 陈丹心; 林友钧

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2022.008.010

中草药提取复合物对乳鸽肠道微生物、生产性能和免疫器官指数的影响

Effects of A Chinese Herbal Extract on Gut Microbiota, Meat Production, and Immune Organ Indices of Squabs

摘要

摘要:
目的探究以三辛酸甘油酯、桃金娘烯醇、肉豆蔻酸异丙酯、薄荷醇和樟脑为主要成分的中草药提取复合物T对大肠杆菌的抑制作用及对乳鸽肠道微生物、生产性能、免疫器官指数、肉品质和血清生化指标的影响。
方法采用液体培养基抑制测定法，以质量浓度为100 mg·L⁻¹和50 mg·L⁻¹的氨苄西林作为对照，测定体积分数为1.000 0%、0.500 0%、0.250 0%、0.125 0%、0.062 5%、0.031 3%、0.015 6%和0.007 8%的复合物T对大肠杆菌的抑制作用。再选取由亲鸽哺育至10日龄的白卡奴乳鸽180只，随机分为3组，每组5个重复，每个重复12只，分别设置为对照组（CT组）、饲喂基础饲粮、试验组T1组和T2组。试验组分别在基础饲粮中添加313 mg·kg⁻¹和625 mg·kg⁻¹的复合物T。通过人工灌喂的方式饲喂乳鸽至30日龄，并测定复合物T对乳鸽肠道微生物、生产性能、免疫器官指数、肉品质和血清生化指标的影响。
结果 1）从体积分数为0.062 5%开始，复合物T对大肠杆菌的抑制率随着浓度的减少而开始下降；体积分数为0.031 3%以上的复合物T对大肠杆菌的抑制率均显著高于两个抗生素对照组（P＜0.05）；复合物T对大肠杆菌在12 h和24 h的半抑制浓度（IC₅₀）分别为0.063 2%和0.042 6%。2）T2组肠道内的双歧杆菌显著高于其他各组（P＜0.05）；T2组肠道内的乳酸菌显著高于CT组（P＜0.05）。3）T2组的料重比显著低于CT组（P＜0.05）；T2组的法氏囊指数、胸肌率都显著高于CT组（P＜0.05）。4）对于胸肌肉的pH值、失水率和剪切力，以及谷草转氨酶、血清肌酐、尿素氮和尿酸等4个血清生化指标，各组之间都没有显著差异（P＞0.05）。
结论复合物T对大肠杆菌具有很好的抑制作用，可以促进肠道有益菌的生长，对乳鸽的生长性能和免疫功能具有一定的促进作用，适宜添加量为625 mg·kg⁻¹。

Abstract:
Objective Effects dietary inclusion of Chinese herbal extract, Compound T, on Escherchia coli and gut microbiota populations, meat productivity, and immune organ indices of squabs were studied.
Method Based on a liquid medium inhibition assay, the inhibition rates on E. coli of Compound T (containing mainly the effective compounds of tricaprilin, myrtenol, isopropyl myristate, menthol, and camphor) in the volume percentages of 1.0000%, 0.5000%, 0.2500%, 0.1250%, 0.0625%, 0.0313%, 0.0156%, and 0.0078%, along with 100 mg·L⁻¹ and 50 mg·L⁻¹ of ampicillin as control, were determined. One-hundred-eighty 10-d-old white Carneau squabs raised by their parent pigeons were randomly divided into 3 groups with 5 replicates of 12 birds each. The squabs in Group CT were fed on a basal diet as control, while those in Group T1 and Group T2 on the basal diet with 313 mg·kg⁻¹ and 625 mg·kg⁻¹ Compound T, respectively, by introgastric oral feeding till they were 30-d-old. Gut microbiota population, muscle buildup, immune organ indices, meat quality, and serum biochemistry of the birds were measured.
Result (1) The inhibition of Compound T on E. coli declined after 0.0625% with reducing dosage. Nonetheless, the rate was significantly higher than those of the two antibiotic control groups so long as the dosage was greater than 0.0313% (P＜0.05). The half inhibitory concentrations, IC₅₀, of Compound T at 12 h and 24 h were 0.0632% and 0.0426%, respectively. (2) The gut microbiota in the squabs of Group T2 had significantly more Bifidobacteria than the other groups (P＜0.05) and significantly more Lactobacillus than CT (P＜0.05). (3) The average feed-to-weight gain ratio of the squabs in Group T2 was significantly lower and the Fabricii index and breast muscle proportion significantly higher than those in Group CT (P＜0.05). (4) There were no significant differences among the groups on pH, water loss, and breast meat shear measurement, nor on the serum aspartate aminotransferase, creatinine, urea nitrogen, and uric acid indices (P＞0.05).
Conclusion Compound T displayed a significant inhibitory effect on E. coli. It also improved the probiotic population in the guts, meat quality and productivity, as well as immune functions of the squabs fed with the supplementation at a rate of 625 mg·kg⁻¹.

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