• 中文核心期刊
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  • 中国科技核心期刊
  • CA、CABI、ZR收录期刊

酸性氧化电位水对玉米种子表面微生物的抑制作用及其安全性评价

Inhibition by Acid Electrolyzed Oxidizing Water on Surface Microbes and Safety of Maize Seeds

    摘要
  • 摘要:
      目的  探明酸性氧化电位水（简称酸化水）对玉米种子表面微生物的抑制作用及其对种子发芽、出苗的影响。
      方法  以福建主栽玉米品种泰鲜甜1号和泰鲜甜2号为材料，采用酸化水与玉米种子表面微生物菌悬液及种子混合法，检测菌悬液的含菌量和种子的带菌率，调查种子出芽率、出苗率、苗鲜重等指标。
      结果  结果表明，酸化水对玉米种子表面微生物有较好的抑菌作用，在泰鲜甜1号、泰鲜甜2号V（种子菌悬液）︰ V（酸化水）=1︰2及m（种子/mg）︰V（酸化水/mL）=125︰2混合6 h后，从菌悬液中检出的菌量分别为0.44、0 cfu·mL−1，检出的种子带菌率分别为14.00%和7.33%，而空白对照的2个品种菌悬液菌量均高于10 000 cfu·mL−1，种子带菌率均为100%。从酸化水处理的带菌种子中，检出的细菌和真菌出现频率分别为1.33%和20.00%，其中镰孢菌属真菌在所有携带真菌的种子中出现频率最高。安全性试验结果表明，种子用酸化水处理6 h后，与各自的对照相比，在未接种病原菌的试验组中，泰鲜甜1号和泰鲜甜2号2个品种的种子出芽率、芽长、主胚根长和胚根数分别提高了13.33%和8.66%、0.32 cm和0.55 cm、0.73 cm和0.42 cm、0.16条和0.07条；而在预先接种病原菌拟轮枝镰孢菌试验组中，2个品种的种子出芽率、芽长、主胚根长和胚根数分别比其对照提高了17.04%和6.67%、0.54 cm和0.33 cm、1.89 cm和0.40 cm、0.60条和0.26条，在预先接种病原菌假单胞杆菌试验组中，2个品种的种子出芽率、芽长、主胚根长和胚根数分别比其对照提高了35.34%和28.66%、0.85 cm和0.30 cm、2.30 cm和1.70 cm、0.76条和0.36条。此外，泰鲜甜1号和泰鲜甜2号种子用酸化水处理6 h后，出苗率分别比对照提高了5.33%和8.00%，株高和地上部鲜重与对照无明显差别。
      结论  酸化水处理能有效抑制玉米种子表面微生物活性，对细菌的抑制效果优于真菌，且对种子出芽和出苗安全，不同程度上促进了种子的萌发和幼苗的生长。酸化水可作为一种新型的玉米种子消毒剂。

     

    Abstract:
      Objective  Effects of acid electrolyzed oxidizing water (AEOW) treatment on the microorganisms on the surface and germination of maize seeds and seedling emergence were investigated.
      Method  Seeds of the major varieties cultivated in Fujian, Taixiantian No. 1 and Taixiantian No. 2, were mixed with AEOW. Microbial counts on the seed surface and in the surface rinse, rates of infection, seed germination, and seedling emergence as well as seedling fresh weight were determined.
      Result  AEOW significantly inhibited the microbial growth on the seed surface as indicated by the counts in the seed surface rinses and the AEOW/maize seeds mixtures. The suspension of AEOW/seed rinse at 1︰2 (mL/mL) ratio had a count of 0.44 cfu·mL−1 in comparison to more than 10 000 cfu·mL−1 of CK. In the liquid after 6 h submerging the seeds in AEOW at the ratio of 125︰2 (mg/mL), the count was nil. On the seed infection rates, the rinse was 14.00% and the mixture liquid 7.33% in comparison to control of 100%. The frequency of bacterial appearances on the treatment seeds was 1.33% and that of fungal, 20.00%, largely Fusarium spp. As for the safety concerns, the AEOW-treated Taixiantian No. 1 seeds increased on germination rate by 13.33%, bud length by 0.32 cm, main radicle length by 0.73 cm, and radicle number of seeds by 0.16, while the treated Taixiantian No. 2, by 8.66%, by 0.55 cm, by 0.42 cm, and by 0.07, respectively. The treated seeds of with a Fusarium verticillium pre-inoculation increased on germination rate, bud length, main radicle length, and radicle number of Taixiantian No. 1 and Taixiantian No. 2 seeds by 17.04% and 6.67%, 0.54 cm and 0.33 cm, 1.89 cm and 0.40 cm, 0.60 and 0.26, respectively; and those with a Pseudomonas spp. pre-inoculation, by 35.34% and 28.66%, 0.85 cm and 0.30 cm, 2.30 cm and 1.70 cm, 0.76 and 0.36, respectively. The seedling emergence rates of the two treated maize varieties increased by 5.33% and 8.00%, respectively, but not significantly differed between them and control with respect to plant height and shoot fresh weight.
      Conclusion  The AEOW treatment effectively inhibited the presence and growth of microbes on maize seed surface with a more pronounced effect on bacteria than on fungi. The treatment benefitted and was safe for germination and seedling emergence of the AEOW-disinfected seeds.

     

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