Abstract: Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis is an important infectious disease of cattle. The clinical symptoms of the disease were principally respiratory ones that may be accompanied by conjunctivitis, mastitis, abortion, etc. The pathogenic virus is also known as bovine herpesvirus type 1. It encodes 30 to 40 structural proteins with 11 envelope glycoproteins, which play an important role in the process of virus adsorption and host cell invasion. Glycoprotein gB is essential for the virus to invade, spread, and replicate on host cells. Glycoprotein gD is critical in viral replication, transmission, and infection with strong immunogenicity that induces neutralizing antibodies. Studying gB and gD not only helps decipher the infection mechanism at the molecular level but also leads to new clinical diagnosis and prevention method developments on rhinotracheitis. This article summarizes recent research results on glycoprotein gB and gD concerning the biological functions and applications of these proteins in producing vaccines and generating advanced diagnosis methodologies for the infectious disease in cattle.