6种渔药制剂对马口鱼幼鱼的急性毒性及安全评价

林而舒; 陈斌; 樊海平; 钟全福; 吴斌; 朱坤远

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2023.07.012

6种渔药制剂对马口鱼幼鱼的急性毒性及安全评价

Acute Toxicities of Six Aquaculture Drugs on Juvenile Opsariichthys bidens

摘要

摘要:
目的探明常用渔药制剂对马口鱼幼鱼的毒性和安全使用剂量，保障其养殖过程中渔药的安全使用。
方法在水温25.8～28.3 ℃的室外条件下，采用静水式试验法测定6种常用渔药制剂对马口鱼幼鱼的急性毒性，并通过药物毒性积蓄系数（Medicine toxicity accumulation coefficient，MAC）分析制剂对马口鱼幼鱼的急性致毒效应特征。
结果 6种渔药制剂对马口鱼幼鱼的安全质量浓度从高到低依次为美婷Ⅱ（2.222 mg·L⁻¹）、车轮虫必克（0.790 mg·L⁻¹）、聚维酮碘（0.659 mg·L⁻¹）、拜特新敌磷（0.225 mg·L⁻¹）、拜特指环敌（0.214 mg·L⁻¹）、白点净（0.006 mg·L⁻¹）；对马口鱼幼鱼的MAC值均为正值，但其变化趋势不同，表明6种药物积蓄作用强于降减作用，且受试生物对药物敏感程度存在差异。
结论依据有毒物质对鱼类毒性等级的评价标准，对马口鱼幼鱼，美婷Ⅱ为低毒渔药制剂，车轮虫必克、聚维酮碘、拜特新敌磷和拜特指环敌为中毒渔药制剂，白点净为剧毒渔药制剂。

Abstract:
Objective Acute toxicities of 6 aquaculture drugs on juvenile Opsariichthys bidens were determined for safe applications.
Method Medicine toxicity accumulation coefficients (MACs) of 6 drugs commonly applied for aquaculture were determined on the fish in a tank at a controlled temperature of 25.8–28.3 ℃.
Result The drugs at specific doses displayed varied degrees of safety that ranked as Meiting Ⅱ (2.222 mg·L⁻¹)＞Chelunchongbike (0.790 mg·L⁻¹)＞povidone iodine (0.659 mg·L⁻¹)＞Baitexindilin (0.225 mg·L⁻¹)＞Baitezhihuandi (0.214 mg·L⁻¹)＞Baidianjing (0.006 mg·L⁻¹). The MACs of these drugs on O. bidens were positive but differed in the toxic effect to the fish due to differentiated accumulation and degradation of as well as sensitivity of the fish to the individual drugs.
Conclusion According to the classification standards, Meiting Ⅱ was determined to be low toxic, while Chelunchongbike, povidone iodine, Baitexindilin, and Baitezhihuandi, moderately toxic, and Baidianjing, highly toxic to O. bidens juveniles.

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