不结球白菜与苗用大白菜远缘杂交农艺性状的遗传分析

邵贵荣; 曹萍; 朱彬; 林晓; 方勇; 王树彬; 马馨馨; 钟凤林

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2023.09.006

不结球白菜与苗用大白菜远缘杂交农艺性状的遗传分析

Agronomic Inheritance of Distant Hybrids of Non-heading and Leafy Chinese Cabbages

摘要

摘要:
目的远缘杂交是提高不结球白菜产量、品质、抗逆性和实现种质创新的重要手段之一，南方夏季高温影响不结球白菜周年生产和市场供应，远缘杂交可以丰富不结球白菜的品种供应，拓宽其遗传背景。
方法以3个不结球白菜亲本和3个苗用大白菜亲本分别进行远缘杂交，测定亲本和F₁代的农艺性状，进行遗传倾向和相关性分析。
结果在远缘杂交中单株重的遗传力最高，对后代的遗传效果最稳定；叶色值的变异系数最高，人工选择潜力最大；株高、株幅、叶长、叶柄长、叶柄宽、单株重的超中优势和超亲优势较高，在后代中具有杂种优势。
结论筛选出D2和Q2的亲本组合可以用来选育农艺性状突出的不结球白菜品种，D3和Q3的亲本组合可以用来选育丰产的不结球白菜品种。

Abstract:
Objective Distant hybridization between non-heading and leafy Chinese cabbages was applied to breed improved yield, quality, and resistance to high temperature variety.
Method Three F₁ hybrids were bred by the distant crossing method between 3 non-heading Chinese cabbage cultivars and 3 leafy Chinese cabbage varieties. Genetic inheritability on the agronomic characteristics of the hybrids were analyzed.
Result Plant weight was shown to be the most stable agronomic property passed on in the hybridization. Whereas the easily distinguishable color of the leaves had the highest coefficient of variation among all indicators was the choice for hybrid screening. Significant heterosis of the hybrids over their parents or the average results was found on the height, width, and weight of a plant, the lengths of leaf and petiole, and the width of petiole.
Conclusion The distant hybridization between D2 and Q2 bred non-heading Chinese cabbages with desirable agronomic characteristics, and that between D3 and Q3 rendered high yield varieties.

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