纤维素降解菌的分离筛选及产酶条件优化

张慧; 赵恪; 林陈强; 林戎斌; 陈龙军; 陈济琛

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2023.09.014

纤维素降解菌的分离筛选及产酶条件优化

Isolation and Enzymatic Activity of Cellulose-degrading Bacteria

摘要

摘要:
目的为获得秸秆降解的应用型菌株，自制秸秆腐熟菌剂。
方法从林下土壤和堆肥样品中，采用羧甲基纤维素钠和刚果红培养基进行分离筛选，并对菌株纤维素酶活性、滤纸酶活性和木聚糖酶活性进行测定。
结果获得1株羧甲基纤维素酶活力最高的菌株，经形态学和分子生物学鉴定为地衣芽孢杆菌（Bacillus licheniformis）。该菌株对滤纸有崩解效果，滤纸酶活性14.21 U·mL⁻¹，木聚糖酶活性24.03 U·mL⁻¹，玉米秸秆降解率为21.2%。
结论菌株TB1滤纸崩解试验效果较好，纤维素酶活性、滤纸酶活性和木聚糖酶活性均较高，具有秸秆降解开发应用价值。

Abstract:
Objective Bacteria capable of effectively degrading spent straws were isolated, and conditions for the enzymatic reaction analyzed.
Method On a medium containing sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and Congo red, potential strains capable of decomposing fibrous material were isolated from sampled forest soil and compost. Enzymatic activities of the isolates were examined, and conditions determined.
Result Bacillus licheniformis was identified as the strain with the greatest carboxymethyl cellulase activity. It demonstrated a filter paper degrading activity of 14.21 U·mL⁻¹, a xylanase activity of 24.03 U·mL⁻¹, and an ability to decompose 21.2% of corn straws. On corn straws, the selected isolate was observed to show the maximum digestion with an overall activity up to 48.63 U·mL⁻¹ by using KNO₃ for nitrogen source at pH 7 and 30 ℃.
Conclusion B. licheniformis was a cellulose-degrading bacterium that could be used to decompose spent corn straws for waste disposal.

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