双孢蘑菇9个杂交菌株的蛋白质营养评价与分析

郭仲杰; 郑惠清; 蔡志欣; 卢园萍; 曾志恒; 廖剑华; 陈美元

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2023.11.004

双孢蘑菇9个杂交菌株的蛋白质营养评价与分析

Protein Nutritional Value of Nine Agaricus bisporus Hybrids

摘要

摘要:
目的分析评价双孢蘑菇野生种质创新杂交菌株的蛋白质和氨基酸营养成分，为利用野生种质选育营养价值更高的双孢蘑菇新菌株提供参考。
方法以3个主栽品种为对照，测定分析了6个杂交新菌株的蛋白质与氨基酸含量，并参照WHO（World Health Organization，世界卫生组织）/FAO（Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations，联合国粮食及农业组织）/UNU（United Nations University，联合国大学）、IOM（Institute of Medicine，美国医学研究所）、全鸡蛋蛋白3种氨基酸平衡模式谱，采用IOM模式评分、氨基酸评分、氨基酸比值系数、氨基酸比值系数分、化学评分等多种指标进行综合评价。
结果野生种质创新杂交白色菌株福蘑63每百克蛋白质的必需氨基酸含量46.76 g、必需氨基酸指数94.45、必需氨基酸比例41.72%、消化率校正氨基酸得分86.73，在9个菌株中都是最高的。而野生种质创新杂交棕色菌株的蛋白质、总氨基酸、必需氨基酸、药用氨基酸、甜味氨基酸、碱性氨基酸、支链氨基酸以及多种氨基酸的含量均显著高于主栽品种。
结论现有双孢蘑菇白色主栽品种的蛋白质、氨基酸等营养成分仍有提升的空间，可以引入营养价值相对较高的野生种质资源，基于营养成分评价开展营养品质定向杂交育种。

Abstract:
Objective Proteins in 6 newly bred hybrids of wild Agaricus bisporus were analyzed for nutritional value to aid breeding selection.
Method Along with 3 major A. bisporus varieties currently cultivated in Fujian as reference, 6 hybrids of wild germplasms were analyzed to determine their nutritional values based on protein and AA compositions. Scores of IOM, AAs, and chemistry, as well as AA ratio coefficient of the samples were evaluated with respect to the balanced AA spectra of WHO/FAO/UNU, IOM, and egg protein.
Result Among the various species of mushrooms, Fumo 63 was found to have the highest essential AA content of 46.76 g·100 g⁻¹protein, essential AA index of 94.45, essential AAs proportion of 41.72%, and adjusted AA digestibility of 86.73. All 6 hybrids contained significantly more protein and total, essential, medicinal, sweet, alkaline, and branched-chain AAs than did their brown wild A. bisporus parents.
Conclusion There appeared to be ample rooms for nutritional improvements by hybridizing the wild A. bisporus through upgrading the protein quality of the mushroom.

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