• 中文核心期刊
  • CSCD来源期刊
  • 中国科技核心期刊
  • CA、CABI、ZR收录期刊

优质抗病糯稻种质的性状鉴定及其杂种优势利用

Characterization and Heterosis of High Quality Resistant Glutinous Rice Germplasms

    摘要
  • 摘要:
      目的  为有效改良传统糯稻品种的产量、品质及抗性等综合性状，满足当前专用型糯稻市场的发展需求。
      方法  采用不完全双列杂交（NC II）方法，构建亲本及20个杂种一代的遗传群体，评价糯稻亲本及杂交组合产量和品质性状的育种利用价值，鉴定出高产、抗病、低直链淀粉含量、高碱消值的糯稻新种质。
      结果  7个优良品系的实割产量变幅7744.35～9216.45 kg·hm−2，其中X-104实割产量最高，达9216.45 kg·hm−2，X-27实割产量达8960.40 kg·hm−2，明显优于3个对照；两个株系植株矮壮，且分别携带了Pi-1、Pi-kh和Pi-1、Pi-9、Pi-kh的稻瘟病抗性基因，表现为中抗稻瘟病；直链淀粉含量（amylose content, AC）分别为1.71%和1.68%；碱消值（alkali spreading value，ASV）达6.75级和6.13级，育种价值高。在杂种优势利用上，X-27除了株高性状一般配合力为正效应外，该株系有利提高杂种后代的产量与稻米品质。X-57降低后代的株高和AC，提高后代产量和ASV。X-104虽产量高，品质好，但不利于杂种优势利用。闽糯2S/X-41、闽糯2S/X-107杂交一代在产量、株高、AC及碱消值等性状上具有明显的超亲优势和竞争优势，在杂交糯稻上应用价值高。
      结论  杂交糯稻的产量与品质均为复杂性状，其中有效穗数、穗长、千粒重、长宽比、单株产量、AC、ASV主要受糯稻恢复系的控制。各性状的广义遗传率（h2B）变幅14.72%～53.99%，狭义遗传率（h2N）变幅10.25%～43.07%，遗传率较低，易受环境影响。育种上需大量配组，方可培育出不同用途的专用型糯稻杂交稻。

     

    Abstract:
      Objective  In order to improve the yield, quality and resistance of traditional glutinous rice varieties, and meet the development demand of special glutinous rice market.
      Method  Glutinous rice germplasms of high yield, disease resistance, low amylose content (AC), and high alkali spreading value (ASV) were evaluated and identified. Using the incomplete diallel crossing(NC II) method, the selected parental lines and 20 hybrids were pooled to construct a matrix for breeding evaluation.
      Result  The actual yields of 7 choice germplasms ranged from 7744.35 to 9216.45 kg·hm−2, among which X-104 had the highest real cut yield of 9216.45 kg·hm−2 and X-27 had the highest real cut yield of 8960.40 kg·hm−2, which were significantly higher than those of the 3 reference varieties. The abovementioned two short and stout cultivars respectively carried Pi-1 and Pi-kh and Pi-1, Pi-9, and Pi-kh genes were moderate resistance to rice blast. They had AC of 1.71% and 1.68% as well as ASV of 6.75 and 6.13, respectively, indicating low gelatinization temperature. For heterosis in breeding, X-27 exhibited a combining ability of higher on grain yield and quality in addition to taller on plant height; X-57 of greater on yield and ASV but lower on plant height and AC; and X-104, despite the high grain yield and quality, did not offer meaningful advantages. Among the hybrids, Minnuo 2S/X-41 and Minnuo 2S/X-107 were significantly superior to their parents in terms of grain yield, plant height, AC, and ASV.
      Conclusion   The determination of grain yield and quality of glutinous rice involves numerous factors such as effective panicle number, panicle length, 1000-grain weight, length-to-width ratio, yield per plant, AC, and ASV. The broad heritability (h2B) of such traits of the parents and hybrids in this study ranged between 14.72%–53.99%, and the narrow heritability (h2N) between 10.25%–43.07%. The relatively low indexes indicated instability and being prone to environmental effects in gene transfer from generation to generation. Consequently, breeding glutinous rice targeted for a specific use would require a complicated process of selection and hybridization.

     

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