• 中文核心期刊
  • CSCD来源期刊
  • 中国科技核心期刊
  • CA、CABI、ZR收录期刊

干旱胁迫下纳米氧化锌对烟草光合生理和品质性状的影响

Effects of Foliar ZnO-NPs Spray on Photosynthetic Physiology and Leaf Quality of Tobacco Plants under Drought Stress

    摘要
  • 摘要:
    目的 研究干旱胁迫下纳米氧化锌（ZnO-NPs）对烟草光合生理和品质性状的影响，筛选合适的ZnO-NPs浓度。
    方法 以‘K326’烟草幼苗为试验材料，采用室内盆栽试验，设正常供水（80%田间持水量）、中度干旱（50%田间持水量）、重度干旱（30%田间持水量）条件下叶面喷施不同浓度ZnO-NPs（0、75、125、150 mg·L−1，分别记为S0，S1，S2，S3），测定烟草幼苗农艺性状、光合生理和品质特性，并进行皮尔逊相关性分析和主成分分析。
    结果 （1）干旱胁迫下烟草株高、茎粗、叶长、叶宽、叶面积、叶片数和生物量显著下降，叶面喷施不同浓度ZnO-NPs可缓解烟草受到的生长抑制。（2）中度和重度干旱胁迫下，与喷施S0浓度ZnO-NPs处理相比，喷施S2浓度ZnO-NPs处理的烟草总叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量分别增加14.6%~23.7%和34.4%~50.0%，烟草净光合速率、胞间CO2浓度、气孔导度和蒸腾速率分别增加23.9%~65.6%、28.2%~40.5%、83.2%~123.2%和42.5%~75.2%。（3）重度干旱胁迫下，烟草叶中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（APX）活性逐渐增加，与喷施S0浓度ZnO-NPs处理相比，喷施S2浓度ZnO-NPs处理的烟草超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶活性分别增加36.2%、17.4%、27.1%和11.4%。（4）与正常供水处理相比，中度、重度干旱胁迫下烟草可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖含量下降，脯氨酸和丙二醛（MDA）含量增加，而叶面喷施ZnO-NPs有助于提高烟草可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖含量，降低脯氨酸和MDA含量；叶面喷施ZnO-NPs还有助于增加烟草叶中总糖、还原糖、烟碱、总氮、钾含量，而降低叶中氯含量，重度干旱胁迫下，与喷施S0浓度ZnO-NPs处理相比，喷施S2浓度ZnO-NPs处理的烟草叶中总糖、还原糖、烟碱、总氮、钾含量分别增加12.3%、52.3%、37.4%、23.6%和19.7%，氯含量下降50.6%。
    结论 主成分分析可知，中度和重度干旱胁迫下，均以叶面喷施S2浓度ZnO-NPs处理提高烟草幼苗耐旱性的效果最好，可为干旱地区烟草稳产提供可量化的绿色调控方案。

     

    Abstract:
    Objective Effects of spraying nano zinc oxide (ZnO-NPs) on the photosynthetic physiology and leaf quality of tobacco plants under drought stress were analyzed.
    Method Using 80% of the normal field practice (NS) as control and 50% of the water supply for moderate drought (MD) or 30% for severe drought (SD) condition to grow Tobacco K326 seedlings in a pot experiment, solutions of ZnO-NPs were sprayed on the plant leaves at the rates of 0 (S0), 75 (S1), 125 (S2), or 150 (S3) mg·L−1. Agronomic traits, photosynthetic indices, and quality indicators of the seedlings were monitored for Pearson correlation and principal components analyses.
    Result (1) Under MD or SD, the plant height, stem thickness, biomass, and leaf length, width, area, and count of the seedlings were significantly lower than those under NS. The application of foliar ZnO-NPs sprays significantly reduced such inhibitive effects. (2) Under MS or NS, the total chlorophyll in the seedlings were 14.6-23.7%, carotenoid 34.4-50.0%, net photosynthetic rate 23.9-65.6%, intercellular CO2 concentration 28.2-40.5%, stomatal conductance 83.2-123.2%, and transpiration rate 42.5-75.2% higher when S2 than S0 was applied. (3) Under SD, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) in the leaves rose gradually over NS; with the application of S2, the activities were further raised by 36.2%, 17.4%, 27.1%, and 11.4%, respectively. (4) Both MD and SD caused significant declines in soluble protein and soluble sugar with increases in proline and malondialdehyde (MDA); but the ZnO-NPs spray mitigated the effects showing elevated contents of total sugar, reducing sugar, nicotine, total nitrogen, and potassium and reduced proline, MDA, and chlorine in the leaves. And (5) in comparison with S0 under SD, S2 increased the total sugar, reducing sugar, nicotine, total nitrogen, and potassium in leaf by 12.3%, 52.3%, 37.4%, 23.6%, and 19.7%, respectively, and decreased chlorine by 50.6%.
    Conclusion It appeared that, among the three tested dosages, the S2 foliar ZnO-NPs spraying induced the greatest drought tolerance in tobacco seedlings under MD or SD.

     

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