调控稻田人工生物圈及其新耕作体系研究 Ⅳ.综合调控技术对水稻生长和稻田生态环境的影响
Studies on Artificial Controlling Biosphere in Paddy Field and Its New Cropping System Ⅳ. The effect of Integrated Controlling Technology on the Rice Growth and the Paddy Ecosystem
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摘要: 研究稻田人工生物圈的综合调控技术对水稻生长和稻田生态环境的影响结果表明,稻田人工生物圈中水稻的分蘖能力比传统稻作(对照)稍弱,但其成穗率提高13.4%,结实率提高5.5%,产量提高5.7%,而且稻草和稻谷中的N、P、K、Mg含量比对照高。稻田人工生物圈的稻飞虱比对照减少48.9%～65.1%,枯心苗减少40.0%～46.2%,纹枯病减少45.5%～53.5%,稻田杂草的发生率减少99.5%.稻田人工生物圈采用的宽窄行插秧方式,其宽行稻间透光率比对照提高57.0%～521.5%,窄行的透光率比对照下降16.3%～80.5%,总的透光率比对照提高。在稻鱼共生期间,稻田人工生物圈鱼对红萍的摄食量为31623kg/hm2.夏季稻田人工生物圈中鱼坑的最高水温比气温下降3～4℃,比田面水温下降0.9～2.6℃。试验证明稻田人工生物圈的综合调控技术有提高水稻产量和品质,及改善稻田生态环境的作用。Abstract: The results showed that, the tillering capacity of rice in the Artificial biosphere in paddy field (ABPE) was slightly lower than that in the traditional rice farming system (CK), but the percentage of panicles forming from tillers increased by 13.4%, the percentage of filled grains increased by 5.5%, the grain yield increased by 5.7%,the N, P, K, Mg content in grains and straws of the ABPF was higher than those of CK Compared with CK the damage of leafhopper, dead heart plants, sheat blight disease and weeds decreased in the ABPF The transplantation method used in the ABPF increased the light transmission ratio in comparison with CK, the fresh azolla biomass uptaken by fish was 31623kg/hm2 in the ABPF during co-existing period of fish with azolla In summer the maximum water temperature in ditch of the ABPF was 3～4℃ lower than air temperature and 0.9～2.6℃ lower than that in field surface The experitmental results proved that the integrated controlling technology of the ABPF promoted the grain yield and quality, and also improved the paddy ecosystem
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