Abstract: Giemsa C-banding of the chromosomes of four clones of three sugarcane species,S.spontaneum,S.sinense and S officinarum,were studied in the paper.The results are showed as follows.(1)After the root tip of sugarcane experienced the treating procedure: pretreatment→fixa-tion→enzymatic isolization→smear→maturation in dry air→BSG banding treatment,the Giernsa C-banded chromosome would be induced;and the time of maturing treatment in dry air is the key of success,(2)The two species of S,spontaneum and S.officinarum had low content of heterochro-matin and they were more original species in sugarcane evolution.S.sinense had higher heterochro-matin content and so it is more developed species.The origin of S.sinense was also discussed in the paper.