Abstract: A further study on the aril initiation and ontogenesis of Longan fruit from the angles of anatomy and physiology was carried out. The ontogenesis of Longan fruit maybe divided into two different stages based on the examination. The first stage is the growth of fruit and seed coats, about 50 days. The second stage is the growth of aril and cotyledon, and fruit maturing. Its duration is about 60 days. Obviously, the growth of fruit and seed coats is almost synchronism and takes place before the growth of cotyledon and aril.