Abstract: In the fall of 1978, a new variety, early rice 78130 was bred by crossing Shan You 2 with V20 through careful choice of four generations in succession. The entire growth period of the variety is 125-130 days in spring planting and 115 days in ’’Dao Zhong Chun"(i.e.summer planting with the seeds of spring planting). This variety of rice has fifteen main stalks per seedling. Its plant form is similar to that of Shan You 2, but its sword-leaves are short and straight. Its total efficient ears per mu(1/15 hectare)are 200,000-250,000. Each ear has 60-80 grains, and bearing ratio is stabilized above 90%. The thousand-grain weight is 27-28 gram, thus the yield is 400-500 kilogram per mu and the highest yield may be even 500 kilogram per mu. The early rice 78130 is hardness and flood-tolerant, and has a good adaptability to wind and rain during the earing and flowering stages.It is highly blast-resistant,bacterial leaf bligh-tresistant and rice false smut resistant simultaneously. The roots and leaves of the variety don’t decline earlier than usual at late stage. It has wide-adaptability. The seeds are plump and rice quality is better than the average.In three years, 1983-1985, the total sown area in Fujian Provice accounts for approximately 2.6 million mu. If the yield is at least increased twenty-five kilogram per mu, the total yield increased is sixty-five million kilogram. As a result of popularizing 2.6 million mu of the variety 78130, its social benefit including the increment of the grain, the raise of the price of the seed, and saving of labor and material of protection from diseases can reach 20 million yuan in three years. Fujian Provincial Variety Identifying Committee of Farm Crops has already identified it to be one of the improved popular varieties of the early rice through out the province. Fujian’s sown area may reach 2.5 million mu in 1986.