Abstract: The microorganism population and nutrient contents of 14 soil samle collected from different paddy fields in 6 counties of Fujian Province were examined based on classical methods. The differences of fundamental natures between cold-waterlogged paddy soil (CWPS) distinguished and non-cold-waterlogged paddy soil (NCWPS) were also investigated. The results showed that (1) significant differences in some soil properties were detected between CWPS and NCWPS, including organic matter (OM) content, available P (AP) content and fungus number in the 0-20 cm soil layer. Compared with NCWPS, CWPS had more OM content, less AP content and fungus number in the 0-20 cm soil layer; (2) there are significant and positive correlations between bacterium, fungus and antinomycete number in NCWPS, but not in CWPS; (3) fungus number were negatively correlated with organic matter content and positively correlated with available P content, and antinomycete number were positively correlated with available P content. The number of fungus and antinomycete in soil significantly decreased with increase of soil depth. Compared with bacterium, fungus and antinomycete were easily influenced by soil physicochemical factors.