Abstract: With the accelerated advancement of agricultural modernization, the widespread use of traditional antibiotics and chemical pesticides in pest control has achieved certain results, but the resulting environmental pollution, increased drug resistance and food safety issues are becoming increasingly serious. Antiparasitic peptides, as a natural biologically active peptide, are gradually becoming an important candidate for green control strategies for agricultural pests and diseases due to their high efficiency, low toxicity, strong specificity and low resistance to drug resistance. This paper systematically reviews the sources, structural types and mechanisms of action of antiparasitic peptides. At the same time, combined with current research, this paper discusses the application prospects and challenges of antiparasitic peptides in agricultural pest control, and proposes optimization strategies to provide a theoretical basis for the development of new biological pesticides.