Abstract: Since 1982 when microspore culture generated Brassica napus haploid plants became a reality, the technique has been efficiently and widely applied for in vitro breeding rapeseed. It was later developed to create doubled haploid (DH) germplasms with desirable traits in just one generation which significantly shortened the time required for the propagating process. The procedure involves culturing microspores to induce formation of DH embryos and yield regenerated plants with a high degree of homozygosity. The newly available genetic resources for breeding through spontaneous mutations and microspore-derived haploid line variations materially facilitated the creation of novel, high yield, superior quality, and stress-resistant varieties that fostered further development for the industry. The availability of DH lines significantly expedited the breeding cycles, enabled the conservation of genetic resources, and allowed the introduction of desired traits through gene editing. However, its application for rapeseed breeding has been constrained by species specificity and/or culture conditions and cannot be successfully executed on all B. napus genotypes. To address the issue, this article reiterates briefly the procedures for rapeseed, proposes a stagewise, adjustable system with strategy for optimization, discusses the core factors affecting microspore embryogenesis, and summarizes the recent research advances in methodologies for DH line production as well as applications for breeding of new varieties. And to entice further exploration and in-depth understanding by fellow colleagues, probable areas for future studies regarding means to overcome genotype-specificity through gene editing, employ artificial intelligence for process optimization, and integrate multiple approaches to improve the techniques for rapeseed breeding are presented.