• 中文核心期刊
  • CSCD来源期刊
  • 中国科技核心期刊
  • CA、CABI、ZR收录期刊

间作木薯对鲜食大豆生长、产量品质和土壤酶活性的影响

Growth, Yield, and Quality of Soybeans for Fresh Consumption and Soil Enzyme Activity Affected by Intercropping with Cassava

  • 摘要:
    目的 探究间作木薯对鲜食大豆生长发育、产量品质及土壤酶活性的影响,以期为湖南等地鲜食大豆与木薯的高效种植提供合理的栽培依据。
    方法 以‘交大18’鲜食大豆与‘南植199’木薯为试验材料,通过设置不同间作密度(株距0.1 m、0.15 m和0.2 m,即T1、T2、T3)与鲜食大豆单作(CK)比较不同栽培模式优劣。
    结果 株高和茎粗分别以T1和T3处理最优。随着生育进程推进,间作处理根系活力逐渐优于单作,至鼓粒期时,T1的根系活力显著高于其余处理。各处理的叶片SPAD值呈上升趋势,但间作与单作处理差异不显著。净光合速率和气孔导度均呈单峰曲线变化,且峰值时期,T1均显著高于其余处理。而蒸腾速率在不同时期均表现为T1显著低于CK。产量方面,T3和CK的单株结荚数、单株粒数、单株鲜荚重均显著高于T1,但小区产量却表现为T1显著高于其余处理,且较CK提高了15.90%。同时,间作有效的提高了鲜食大豆的蛋白质、淀粉、可溶性糖和纤维素含量。PCA综合分析其生长、产量和品质以T1处理为最优。土壤酶活性分析表明,合理的间作密度能有效提高土壤的脲酶、过氧化氢酶、酸性磷酸酶活性,且T1和T3显著高于CK,但却降低了土壤蔗糖酶活性。
    结论 综上以两行木薯内间作两行鲜食大豆,鲜食大豆的株距为0.1m时,其生长发育、产量和品质等综合表现极佳。

     

    Abstract:
    Objective Effects of intercropping cassava with soybeans on the growth, development, yield, and quality of the crop, as well as the enzyme activity in the field soil in Hunan were investigated for efficient farming soybeans for fresh consumption.
    Method Jiaoda 18 soybean and Nanshi 199 cassava were intercropped with the plants spacing 0.1 (T1), 0.15 (T2), and 0.2m (T3) apart, along with soybean monoculture as control (CK) at a experimentation station. Effects on the crop and soil were monitored.
    Result The soybean plant height under T1 and stem diameter under T3 were seen as the best among all treatments. The roots grew progressively more vigorously under intercropping, especially under T1 at the stage when the gains were bulging. The leaf SPAD of the intercropped plants increased over CK but not significantly. The net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance changed in a unimodal function with peak values significantly higher under T1 than the others. The transpiration rate was significantly lower under T1 than under CK at all growth stages. In terms of crop yield, the pod and seed counts as well as the fresh pod weight per plant were significantly higher under T3 or CK than T1, but the15.90% greater than CK plot yield was significantly higher under T1 than the others. Nutritionally, the intercropping effectively raised the protein, starch, soluble sugar, and cellulose contents in the soybeans. Combining the performances of growth, yield, and quality of soybeans, a PCA analysis selected T1 to be the choice treatment. The intercropping with appropriate planting density significantly increased the activities of urease, catalase, and acid phosphatase in the soils under T1 and T3, but lowered the sucrase activity, over those of CK.
    Conclusion When two rows of cassava were intercropped with two rows of soybean plants with a 0.1m spacing between the rows, a superior overall performance of vegetable soybeans on growth, development, yield, and quality comparing to monocropping was observed.

     

/

返回文章
返回