• 中文核心期刊
  • CSCD来源期刊
  • 中国科技核心期刊
  • CA、CABI、ZR收录期刊

不同畦面覆盖材料对百香果生长发育及果实品质的影响

Effects of Different Ridge Covering Materials on Growth, Development, and Quality of Passion fruits

    摘要
  • 摘要:
    目的 探究不同覆盖物种类对百香果生长、开花和结果相关指标的影响，为百香果实现提质增产选取适宜的畦面覆盖材料提供理论依据。
    方法 以‘武金’百香果嫁接苗和扦插苗两种种苗类型（ST）为试验材料，分别采用银黑反光膜（SF）、黑色地膜（BF）、园艺防草布（HC）及清耕无覆盖（CC）4种覆盖物种类（CM）处理，分析百香果二级结果蔓生长、开花和结果以及产量与品质相关17项农艺性状指标在不同畦面覆盖物处理下的差异。
    结果 经2022—2023年田间试验结果表明，枝条数、酸度、固酸比3项指标在种苗类型（ST）间表现均为极显著性差异，除开花数外其它16项农艺性状指标在覆盖物种类间（CM）均存在极显著性差异；与清耕无覆盖（CC）相比，畦面覆盖下百香果茎粗、叶片数和枝条数均显著增加，且成花率和坐果率分别显著提高到90%和85%以上水平，实收产量显著增加了11.33～63.48%，且两种种苗类型（ST）在相同畦面覆盖材料处理下，17项农艺性状指标均表现无显著差异。其中，在银黑反光膜（SF）条件下植株茎粗、叶片数和枝条数均达到较高水平，实收产量、单株产量、平均单果重和中大果比率分别比清耕无覆盖（CC）处理显著增加了48.12～63.48%、48.14～63.48%、24.85～33.70%和59.93～79.07%；且在银黑反光膜覆盖下，百香果品质中可食率、可溶性固形物及固酸比3项指标值均显著优于其它处理，分别比清耕无覆盖（CC）处理显著增加了4.53～5.14%、6.41～9.29%和33.51～42.35%。
    结论 因此，采用银黑反光膜进行畦面覆盖有利于百香果生长、开花和结果以及实现产量增加和品质提升的目标。

     

    Abstract:
    Objective Effects of different mulching materials covering the ridges of orchard field on the growth, flowering, fruiting, and quality of passion fruits were investigated.
    Method Grafted and cutting seedlings of ‘Wujin’ passion fruit were planted in the field covered on the ridges with 3 kinds of mulching materials, i.e., silvery black reflective film (SF), black plastic film (BF), and horticultural antiweed cloth (HC), or clear tillage without mulching (CC). Seventeen agronomic traits related to the secondary fruit vine growth, flowering, fruiting, yield, and quality of the two types of passion fruit seedlings grown on the test lots were monitored.
    Result The field experimentation held from 2022 to 2023 showed that the branch number on seedling and the acidity and solid-to-acid ratio of passion fruits differed significantly depending upon the seedling types (ST). Other than flowering number, the remaining agronomic traits varied significantly by the mulching types (CM) applied. The stem diameter, leaf count, and branch number of plants grown with the mulching were significantly greater than those under CC. And by using the mulches, a flowering rate of 90% and a fruit setting rate of 85% were reached and the actual passion fruit yield increased by 11.33-63.48% without significant differences in the 17 agronomic traits on the plants of the two different STs. Among the mulching treatments, SF produced plants with the largest stem diameter, leaf count, and branch number, the greatest increases of 48.12-63.48% on fruit yield, 48.14-63.48% on yield per plant, 24.85-33.70% on average fruit weight, and 59.93-79.07% on medium-large fruit ratio, and the significantly escalated passion fruit edible proportion by 4.53-5.14%, soluble solids content by 6.41-9.29%, and solid-to-acid ratio by 33.51-42.35% over CC.
    Conclusion The application of silvery black reflective film for ridge mulching significantly enhanced the growth, flowering, and fruiting of the grafted and cutting passion fruit seedlings achieving improved fruit yield and quality for the orchards in the south subtropical region.

     

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