Abstract: The anatomical leaf structure of Chinese olive was studied by means of paraffin section and microscopy imaging system.The results showed that the leaf was typical bifacial,upper epidermis consisted of 1-2 layers of rectangular,compactly arranged epidermal cells.The cuticle was thicker on the upper epidermis than on the lower epidermis,leaf vein was protuberant.The palisade tissue was composed of 1-2 layers of long,column-shaped,compactly arranged cells,while cells of the spongy were short and loosely arranged,with the bigger intracellular space.There were many differences that included the thickness of leaf blade,the thickness of epidermis,stomata density and the thickness of palisade tissue so on,but there were minor differences in VPD (vein protuberant degree i.e.thickness of vein/thickness of leaf blade) and CTR (cell tense ratio i.e.the thickness of palisade/thickness of leaf blade) of same variety.Furthermore,the paper discusses the relation of the leaf structure with the ecological adaptability and cold resistance in Chinese olive germplasm.