• 中文核心期刊
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玉米灌浆期淹水胁迫对籽粒品质的影响

Effect of Waterlogging on Quality of Maize Kernels at Filling Stage

    摘要
  • 摘要:
      目的  研究淹水对灌浆期玉米籽粒品质的影响，为玉米耐涝品种的选育和耐涝机制研究提供参考。
      方法  供试材料为广西骨干自交系88M-1-8和先21A，授粉后分别进行正常水分处理（CK）和淹水处理（W），每个处理设14和18 d两个持续时间，即CK-14、CK-18、W-14和W-18，测定正常供水和淹水胁迫下玉米籽粒中可溶性蛋白质、可溶性糖、淀粉、蔗糖、脱落酸（ABA）含量，及蔗糖合成酶（分解方向，SS-I）和结合态淀粉合成酶（GBSS）活性，利用主成分分析和隶属函数法评价淹水胁迫对玉米品质的影响。
      结果  88M-1-8在W-14时籽粒蛋白、淀粉和ABA含量、SS-I和GBSS活性显著高于先21A，在W-18时可溶性糖、淀粉和ABA含量、GBSS活性显著高于先21A。2个自交系随着淹水天数的增加，籽粒中可溶性蛋白、淀粉和蔗糖含量、SS-I和GBSS活性均显著提高。与正常水分处理相比，88M-1-8在W-14时蛋白、淀粉和ABA含量、SS-I活性上升幅度更大，先21A可溶性糖和蔗糖含量、GBSS活性上升幅度更大；88M-1-8在W-18时可溶性糖和ABA含量增幅更大，而先21A蛋白、淀粉和蔗糖含量、SS-I和GBSS活性增幅更大。利用主成分分析及隶属函数法对玉米籽粒的各项指标进行综合评价，籽粒品质的耐涝性结果表明：W-14的88M-1-8＞W-18的88M-1-8＞W-14的先21A＞W-18的先21A。
      结论  淹水胁迫提高88M-1-8和先21A籽粒中可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖、淀粉和蔗糖含量、SS-I和GBSS活性。但88M-1-8和先21A对淹水胁迫的生化应答存在差异，淹水胁迫后耐涝自交系88M-1-8的SS-I和GBSS活性、淀粉和ABA含量均显著高于不耐涝自交系先21A。随着胁迫时间的增加，88M-1-8和先21A籽粒品质的耐涝性均有所降低，但88M-1-8耐涝性仍高于先21A。因此，在涝害频发区域应选择耐涝性较强的自交系。

     

    Abstract:
      Objective  Effects of waterlogging on quality of maize kernels at filling stage were studied to decipher the mechanism and for breeding selection.
      Method  Two backbone maize inbred lines in Guangxi, 88M-1-8 and Xian 21A, were subjected to normal water irrigation (CK) or artificial flooding treatments (W) after pollination. The experiment lasted 14d or 18d with a total of 4 variables, i.e., CK-14, CK-18, W-14, and W-18. Contents of soluble protein, soluble sugar, starch, sucrose, and abscisic acid (ABA) as well as activities of sucrose synthetase (SS-I in decomposition direction) and granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS) of the kernels were measured. Effect of waterlogging on maize quality at filling stage was evaluated using the principal component analysis and membership function method.
      Result   Under W-14, the contents of protein, starch, and ABA and the activities of SS-I and GBSS in 88M-1-8 were significantly higher than those in Xian 21A, so were the soluble sugar, starch, ABA, and GBSS in 88M-1-8 under W-18. As the waterlogging prolonged, the soluble protein, starch, sucrose, SS-I, and GBSS in both inbred lines raised significantly. The protein, starch, ABA, and SS-I in 88M-1-8 increased more significantly, and the soluble sugar, sucrose and GBSS in Xian 21A more significantly in W-14 than CK-14. Furthermore, compared with CK-18, W-18 induced more significant increases on the soluble sugar and ABA in 88M-1-8, and the protein, starch, sucrose, SS-I, and GBSS in Xian 21A. Evaluated by the principal component analysis and membership function method on various kernel quality indicators, the tolerance of the two species to flooding were 88M-1-8 under W-14＞88M-1-8 under W-18＞Xian 21A under W-14＞Xian 21A under W-18.
      Conclusion   Artificially flooding the maize plants raised the soluble protein, soluble sugar, starch, sucrose, SS-I, and GBSS in kernels over regular irrigation. 88M-1-8 and Xian 21A differed in responses to the stress. Waterlogging-tolerant 88M-1-8 was significantly higher in the GBSS activity and ABA and starch contents than Xian 21A. Nonetheless, prolonged waterlogging reduced the stress tolerance of either cultivar.

     

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