芦笋抗茎枯病快速鉴定方法研究

石妞妞; 张旭娟; 杨迎青; 兰波; 施建军; 施渭尧; 陈福如; 杜宜新

芦笋抗茎枯病快速鉴定方法研究

Study on Rapid Resistance-Identification Method on Asparagus Stem Blight

摘要

摘要:
目的建立芦笋抗茎枯病快速鉴定方法，为芦笋抗病育种及抗病品种的筛选应用提供技术支持。
方法分别采用毒素浸种法、毒素浸根法、分生孢子悬浮液浸种法、分生孢子悬浮液灌根法和田间自然诱发法测定7个芦笋品种对芦笋茎枯病的抗病性。
结果芦笋茎枯病菌毒素浸种24 h对格兰德、佳芦1号、早佳1号、丰岛1号、华淼、TC和UC157F₂种子萌发抑制率分别为3.62%、4.29%、13.98%、4.26%、2.19%、4.95%和15.00%，可将7个供试品种划分为感病和中抗2个类型，感病品种为UC157F₂和早佳1号，其他品种表现为中抗。毒素原液浸根处理对格兰德、佳芦1号、早佳1号、丰岛1号、华淼、TC和UC157F₂的根生长抑制率分别为80.94%、73.72%、82.29%、71.77%、65.86%、69.39%和82.35%，可将供试的7个芦笋品种划分为感病、中感和中抗3个类型，感病品种为UC157F₂、早佳1号和格兰德，中感品种为佳芦1号和丰岛1号，中抗品种为TC和华淼。芦笋茎枯病菌分生孢子悬浮液浸种对供试芦笋种子萌发抑制作用较强，其中1.0×10⁵个孢子·mL⁻¹的分生孢子悬浮液浸种处理对格兰德、佳芦1号、早佳1号、丰岛1号、华淼、TC和UC157F₂的种子萌发抑制率分别为43.88%、40.97%、41.67%、32.87%、29.59%、28.52%和61.23%，可将7个供试品种分为感病、中感和中抗3个类型，感病品种为UC157F₂，中感品种为格兰德、早佳1号和佳芦1号，中抗品种为丰岛1号、华淼和TC。分生孢子悬浮液灌根后所有供试品种的发病率均在80%以上，不能有效区分供试品种的抗病性。田间自然诱发法可将7个供试品种划分为感病、中感和中抗3个类型，感病品种为UC157F₂，中感品种为早佳1号、格兰德和佳芦1号，中抗品种为丰岛1号、华淼和TC。
结论病菌分生孢子悬浮液浸种法对芦笋品种的抗茎枯病鉴定结果与田间自然诱发法鉴定结果在0.01水平上显著相关，可以与田间自然诱发法相结合快速准确鉴定芦笋种质资源对茎枯病的抗性水平。

Abstract:
Objective The objective of this study is to establish a rapid resistance-identification method for asparagus stem blight, providing technical support for disease resistance breeding and the application of resistant varieties.
Method Seven asparagus varieties were assessed for resistance to stem blight using soaking seed and root with mycotoxin, soaking seed with spore suspension, irrigating root with spore suspension, and field natural induction methods, respectively.ResultThe inhibition rate of seed germination on Grande, Jialu No.1, Zaojia No.1, Fengdao No.1, Huamiao, TC, and UC157F₂ was 3.62%, 4.29%, 13.98%, 4.26%, 2.19%, 4.95%, and 15.00%, respectively, after 24 h of soaking seed with mycotoxin. This method showed that the seven tested varieties could be classified into two groups: susceptible and moderately resistant. UC157F₂ and Zaojia No.1 were identified as the susceptible group, and the other varieties as the moderately resistant group. The inhibition rate of root growth on Grande, Jialu No.1, Zaojia No.1, Fengdao No.1, Huamiao, TC, and UC157F₂ was 80.94%, 73.72%, 82.29%, 71.77%, 65.86%, 69.39% and 82.35%, respectively, by soaking root with mycotoxin. The method could divide the seven tested varieties into three groups: susceptible, moderately susceptible and moderately resistant. UC157F₂, Zaojia No.1 and Grande belonged to the susceptible group, Jialu No.1 and Fengdao No.1 to the moderately susceptible group, and TC and Huamiao to the moderately resistant group. The spore suspension of 1.0×10⁵ spores/mL had a strong inhibitory effect on the seed germination, providing the inhibition rate of seed germination on Grande, Jialu No.1, Zaojia No.1, Fengdao No.1, Huamiao, TC, and UC157F₂ being 43.88%, 40.97%, 41.67%, 32.87%, 29.59%, 28.52% and 61.23%, respectively. This method could also divide the seven tested varieties into three groups viz., UC157F₂ as susceptible, Grande, Zaojia No.1 and Jialu No.1 as moderately susceptible, and Fengdao No.1, Huamiao and TC as moderately resistant. When irrigating the root with spore suspension, the incidence rate of all tested varieties was more than 80%, which could not effectively distinguish the disease resistance of tested varieties. Whereas the results of field natural induction method could divide the seven tested varieties into three groups: UC157F₂ belonging to the susceptible group, Zaojia No.1, Grande, Jialu No.1 and Fengdao No.1 as the moderately susceptible group, and Huamiao and TC as the moderately resistant group.
Conclusion The resistance-identification results on asparagus stem blight by soaking seed with spore suspension were significantly correlated with that of field natural induction method (P＜0.01). Therefore, the soaking seed with spore suspension can be combined with field natural induction method to quickly and accurately identify the resistance level to asparagus stem blight.

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