糯山药根腐病病原鉴定、培养特性及室内防治药剂筛选

陈姝樽; 王荣波; 石茗月; 刘裴清; 李本金; 李清; 詹梦琳; 黄哲鸿; 华树妹

糯山药根腐病病原鉴定、培养特性及室内防治药剂筛选

Identification, Culture, and Fungicide Toxicity of Root Rot Pathogens Infecting Glutinous Yams

摘要

摘要:
目的明确糯山药根腐病病原菌及其培养特性，筛选可用于防控病害的杀菌剂。
方法以沙县糯山药根腐病样品为试验材料，采用组织分离法分离纯化病原菌，通过柯赫氏法则、形态学和 ITS-LSU-TUB 基因序列串联分析进行鉴定，并测定病原菌的生长特性和不同杀菌剂对病原菌的室内毒力。
结果分离菌株 SGF03 和 SGF08 是沙县糯山药根腐病的致病菌，SGF03 被鉴定为茄腐镰刀菌 Fusarium solani，SGF08 被鉴定为炭疽菌 Colletotrichum alatae。在 28℃、pH 7.0时，F. solani 菌落直径显著高于其他培养条件（P＜0.05，下同），在 28℃、pH 6.0时，C. alatae 菌落直径显著高于其他培养条件。7 种杀菌剂室内毒力测定结果表明，AITC、氟啶胺和苯醚甲环唑对两种病原菌的抑制效果较好，针对 F. solani，EC₅₀ 值分别为 0.09、1.25、6.27 μg·mL⁻¹，针对 C. alatae，EC₅₀ 值分别为 0.08、0.49、0.26 μg·mL⁻¹。
结论沙县糯山药根腐病是镰刀菌（F. solani）和炭疽菌（C. alatae）复合侵染导致，二者最适生长温度均为 28℃，最适生长 pH 分别为7.0和6.0，AITC、氟啶胺和苯醚甲环唑可用于防控沙县糯山药根腐病。

Abstract:
Objective Pathogens that cause root rot on Shaxian glutinous yams were identified, and their culture and effective fungicides were investigated.
Method Diseased yam samples were collected to isolate and purify the pathogens by tissue separation followed by species identification with Koch's postulates, morphological observation, and multi-locus phylogenetic analysis (ITS-LSU-TUB). Biological characteristics including optimal culture temperature and pH as well as in vitro toxicity of 7 fungicides were determined.
Results Two strains, SGF03 and SGF08, were isolated and identified as Fusarium solani and Colletotrichum alatae, respectively. The colony diameter of F. solani was significantly larger at 28°C and pH 7.0, and that of C. alatae, at 28°C and pH 6.0, than those under other conditions (P＜0.05). Among the tested fungicides, AITC, Fluazinam, and difenoconazole showed superior efficacy with EC₅₀ of 0.09, 1.25, and 6.27 μg·mL⁻¹, respectively, against F. solani and that of 0.08, 0.49, and 0.26 μg·mL⁻¹, respectively, against C. alatae.
Conclusion The Shaxian glutinous yam root rot disease was caused by coinfection of F. solani and C. alatae. In culture, F. solani grew optimally on medium at 28°C and pH 7.0, and C. alatae at 28°C and pH 6.0. Fungicides, AITC, Fluazinam, and difenoconazole, exhibited significant in vitro effectiveness on the pathogens.

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