桑葚果腐病病原菌的分离鉴定及抑菌植物提取物筛选

李青; 宋春茶; 罗建梅; 杨态娇; 聂闪闪; 张东华; 刘丽; 胡世俊; 闫晓慧

桑葚果腐病病原菌的分离鉴定及抑菌植物提取物筛选

Isolation and Identification of mulberry Fruit Rot Pathogens and screening of antifungal plant extracts

摘要

摘要:
目的分离鉴定出桑葚果实腐烂的病原菌并筛选对其具有抑菌活性的植物提取物，为桑葚果腐病的绿色防控提供依据。
方法采用组织分离法分离病原菌并通过真菌形态学及分子生物学对病原菌进行鉴定；采用菌丝生长速率法测定54种植物提取物对桑葚果实腐烂病原菌的抑菌活性，筛选活性较好的提取物，通过浓度梯度进行毒力测定，最后通过显微观察活性较好的提取物（EC₅₀）对菌丝形态的影响。
结果经形态及分子生物学鉴定该致病菌为易脆毛霉Mucor fragilis；当提取物浓度为1 mg·mL⁻¹时，青蒿和天蓝鼠尾草乙醇提取物对该菌株有较好的抑菌效果，抑菌率分别为77.72%和49.06%，经毒力测定其抑菌有效中浓度（EC₅₀）分别为0.063、0.107 mg·mL⁻¹；通过显微镜观察发现，青蒿乙醇提取物可导致病菌菌丝畸变，天蓝鼠尾草对病原菌菌丝形态无明显变化。
结论本研究发现青蒿和天蓝鼠尾草对桑葚果腐病菌易脆毛霉有较好的抑菌活性，青蒿提取物的抑菌活性尤为显著EC₅₀仅为0.063 mg·mL⁻¹，具有进一步开发的价值。为桑葚果腐病法绿色防控提供了依据。

Abstract: :
Objective In order to provide a basis for the green prevention and control of mulberry fruit rot disease, the pathogen causing fruit rot mulberry was isolated and identified, and plant extracts with significant antifungal activity were screened out.
Method The pathogenic fungi was isolated by tissue separation and identified by fungal morphology and molecular biology. The antifungal activity of 54 plant extracts was determined by mycelium growth rate method. The extracts with potent activity were selected and the virulence was measured by concentration gradient. At the same time, the influence of the active extracts on mycelium morphology was observed by microscope.
Result The pathogen causing mulberry rot disease was Mucor fragilis; at a concentration of 1 mg·mL⁻¹, the extracts of Artemisia caruifolia and Salvia uliginosa showed sinificant inhibitory effect on M. fragilis, and the inhibition rate was 77.72% and 49.06% respectively. According to the toxicity test results the antifungal effective middle concentrations (EC₅₀) of extracts of A. caruifolia and S. uliginosa were 0.063 mg·mL⁻¹ and 0.107 mg·mL⁻¹ respectively. Mycelium distortion was found by microscopic observation after treated with the extract of A. caruifolia and there was no change in the S. uliginosa.
Conclusion This study identified significant antibacterial effects of Artemisia caruifolia and Salvia uliginosa against M. fragilis, with A. caruifolia extract showing particularly strong activity (EC₅₀=0.063 mg·mL⁻¹). This suggests valuable potential for developing green control methods for mulberry fruit rot.

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