Leaf Color and Pigments of 48 Ornamental Crabapple Germplasms Leaves
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摘要:目的 探究48份观赏海棠种质不同叶位的叶片在观赏期内的色彩与色素组分变化规律，对主要观赏叶位的叶片色彩参数进行分类研究，建立观赏海棠叶色评价体系。方法 以48份观赏海棠种质为试验材料，使用色差仪和光谱仪对不同品种的上、中、下位叶进行色彩参数和色素含量的测定。结果 （1）基于6月份不同叶位色彩参数的亮度值（L*）、饱和度（C*）、色调角（h°）在CIELCH色空间中的分布以及不同叶位的叶色频率分布图分析，所测观赏海棠品种的叶片位点随着叶位下降呈现逐渐集中趋势，上位叶色彩表现最为丰富，位点最为分散。（2）色素相对含量的分析结果表明48份观赏海棠种质叶片中的花青素（Anthocyanin）、类胡萝卜素（Carotenoid）相对含量位点随着叶位下降整体呈左移（减小）的趋势，叶片中叶绿素（Chlorophyll）相对含量的位点随着叶位下降整体呈上移（增大）趋势。（3）叶色聚类分析将48个观赏海棠种质划分为绿色类群A（亮绿色系A1、深绿色系A2）、棕色类群B和红色类群C（红棕色系C1、紫红色系C2）3大类群。结论 A1色系叶绿素相对含量高，叶片色彩亮度高，颜色饱满，为优良的亮绿色观叶品种；B类群各色彩参数与色素相对含量差异性显著，类胡萝卜素相对含量显著高于其他类群，可作为进行叶色改良的试验品种；C1色系花青素与叶绿素相对含量的比值高（Anth/Chl=1.22±0.24），色调角位于红色区域（h°=29.74°±4.74°），红色特性显著，是优良的红叶观赏品种。Abstract:Objective Variations in color and pigments on leaves of ornamental crabapple germplasms in season were used to classify the plants for establishing an evaluation system for landscaping.Method Luminosity L*, saturation C*, and hue angle h° as well as pigments in the upper, middle, and lower parts of the leaf of 48 ornamental crabapple germplasms were measured using a colorimeter and a spectrometer.Results ① The color measurements on all crabapple varieties in June distributed in the CIELCH space more concentrated in the upper part and gradually lessened toward the lower part of a leaf. The color was richer and the loci more scattered in the upper part as well. ② The relative contents of anthocyanin and carotenoid decreased, but that of chlorophyll increased, from the upper to the lower leaf. ③ The germplasms clustered by leaf color were classified into the green Group A that included bright green A1 and dark green A2, the brown Group B, and the red Group C that included reddish brown C1 and reddish purple C2.Conclusion Of all crabapple groups, Group A1 had a high relative chlorophyll content displaying bright green foliage; Group B had significantly varied color measurements and a significantly higher carotenoids content than the other groups making it suitable for breeding programs; and Group C1 had a high anthocyanin to chlorophyll ratio of （1.22±0.24） and an h° of (29.74±4.74)° rendering it the choice of a showy red-leaf crabapple variety.
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图 1 观赏海棠种质不同叶位叶片 CIELCH色空间变化
Figure 1. Color measurements on upper to lower leaf portions of ornamental crabapple germplasms as distributed in CIELCH space
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图 2 观赏海棠种质不同叶位叶色参数频率分布
Figure 2. Frequency distribution of leaf color measurements on upper to lower leaf of ornamental crabapple germplasms
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图 3 观赏海棠种质不同叶位色素相对含量与权重的空间分布
A为观赏海棠种质不同叶位色素相对含量的空间分布，B为观赏海棠种质不同叶位色素权重占比的空间分布。
Figure 3. Spatial distribution of relative content and weight of pigments in upper to lower leaf of ornamental crabapple germplasms
A shows the spatial distribution of relative pigment content in different leaf positions of ornamental crabapple germplasms, and B shows the spatial distribution of pigment weight ratio in different leaf positions of ornamental crabapple germplasms.
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图 4 观赏海棠上位叶叶色聚类分析
Figure 4. Cluster analysis on germplasms based on color of upper portion of an ornamental crabapple leaf
表 1 48份观赏海棠种质种质信息
Table 1 Information on 48 sampled ornamental crabapple germplasms
序号
Code种质名称
Cultivars品种审定号
Variety validation number序号
Code种质名称
Cultivars品种审定号
Variety validation number1 琉璃盏
M. Liu Lizhan20190169 25 白云
M. Bai Yun20210210 2 红与黑
M. Hong Yuhei20190170 26 橙之梦
M. Cheng Zhimeng20190076 3 云卷云舒
M. Yunjuan Yunshu20190361 27 茶花女
M. Cha Huanv20210208 4 影红秀
M. Ying Hongxiu20190171 28 二乔
M. Er Qiao20210207 5 忆红莲
M. Yi Honglian20190364 29 红晨
M. Hong Chen20210206 6 疏红妆
M. Shu Hongzhuang20190172 30 红粉佳人
M. Hongfen Jiaren20210205 7 棱镜
M. Leng Jing20190168 31 红色经典
M. Hongse Jingdian20210204 8 白羽扇
M. Bai Yushan20190173 32 红云
M. Hong Yun20210203 9 涟漪
M. Lian Yi20190167 33 浪花
M. Lang Hua20210202 10 卷珠帘
M. Juan Zhulian20190363 34 飘
M. Piao20210209 11 依人
M. Yi Ren20190365 35 水袖
M. Shui Xiu20210201 12 洛可可女士
M. Luokeke Nvshi20190080 36 西子姑娘
M. Xizi Guniang20210200 13 胭脂雨
M. Yan Zhiyu20180299 37 夏荷
M. Xia He20210199 14 羊脂玉
M. Yang Zhiyu20190078 38 紫嫣
M. Zi Yan20210198 15 紫蝶儿
M. Zi Dieer20190081 39 红颜
M. Hong Yan20210411 16 红色依恋
M. Hongse Yilian20180296 40 金秋
M. Jin Qiu20210414 17 云想容
M. Yun Xiangrong20190079 41 春花秋月
M. Chunhua Qiuyue20210410 18 粉芭蕾
M. Fen Balei20170082 42 满堂红
M. Man Tanghong20170094 19 画轴
M. Hua Zhou20180298 43 香荷
M. Xiang He20170096 20 烟雨江南
M. Yanyu Jiangnan20190366 44 香云
M. Xiang Yun20160062 21 晚宴
M. Wan Yan20180297 45 昌红
M. Chang Hong20160061 22 粉红霓裳
M. Fenhong Nichang20190077 46 昌辉
M. Chang Hui20160058 23 红珊瑚
M. Hong Shanhu20190367 47 丽辉
M. Li Hui20160060 24 千层金
M. Qian Cengjin20190362 48 蕊沁
M. Rui Qin20160059 
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表 2 各类群色彩与色素参数统计
Table 2 Statistics on color measurements and pigment contents of each taxon
色系分类
Color category种质数量
Quantity色彩参数
Color parameters色素含量
Pigment parametersL* C* h°/° 花青素Anth/% 类胡萝卜素Car/% 叶绿素Chl/% 花青素/叶绿素Anth/Chl A绿色系
Green32 37.89±5.71 ab 19.46±8.40 ab 115.23±7.73 ab 0.03±0.03 c 0.24±0.08 cd 0.73±0.09 a 0.04±0.06 c A1亮绿色系
Bright green17 42.58±3.29 a 26.09±5.42 a 109.72±6.47 b 0.03±0.04 c 0.28±0.07 bc 0.68±0.09 a 0.06±0.07 c A2深绿色系
Dark green15 32.58±1.74 bc 11.94±2.96 bc 121.47±2.42 a 0.03±0.02 c 0.19±0.06 d 0.78±0.07 a 0.04±0.03 c B棕色系
Brown3 36.78±0.44 b 16.63±3.25 bc 86.27±7.18 c 0.24±0.02 b 0.38±0.00 a 0.38±0.02 b 0.65±0.10 b C 红色系
Red13 31.13±3.27 c 9.51±2.32 c 35.18±11.41 e 0.34±0.03 a 0.37±0.04 ab 0.29±0.05 b 1.19±0.26 a C1红棕色系
Reddish brown10 30.44±3.43 c 9.14±2.32 c 29.74±4.74 e 0.35±0.03 a 0.37±0.03 ab 0.29±0.03 b 1.22±0.24 a C2紫红色系
Red purple3 33.44±0.80 bc 10.77±2.20 c 53.28±6.42 d 0.32±0.03 a 0.37±0.06 ab 0.31±0.08 b 1.09±0.34 a 数值表示为平均值±标准差；同列数据后无相同小写字母表示差异显著（P＜0.05）。
Data are presented as mean±standard deviation; data with different lowercase letters on same column indicate significant difference (P＜0.05).
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