不同饲粮赖氨酸水平对二元母猪生长性能和血清指标的影响

方桂友; 刘景; 缪伏荣; 叶鼎承; 董志岩

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2017.10.002

不同饲粮赖氨酸水平对二元母猪生长性能和血清指标的影响

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2017.10.002

福建省农业科学院畜牧兽医研究所, 福建福州 350013

基金项目:

福建省科技计划项目——省属公益类科研院所基本科研专项 2015R1023-4

详细信息

作者简介:
方桂友(1972-), 男, 副研究员, 主要从事养猪生产新技术的研究(E-mail:faasfgy@163.com)

通讯作者:
董志岩(1965-), 男, 研究员, 主要从事猪饲料营养的研究与开发(E-mail:2936237922@qq.com)

中图分类号: S828
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2017-05-08
- 修回日期: 2017-09-14
- 刊出日期: 2017-10-28

Effects of Lysine Content in Low Protein Fodder on Growth and Serum Biochemistry of Two-line Crossbred Gilts

Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350013, China

摘要

摘要: 研究不同饲粮赖氨酸水平对70~100 kg阶段二元母猪生长性能、血清指标的影响。选用96头体况相似、平均体重为（69.01±4.43）kg的长大二元母猪，随机分成4个组，每组4个重复，根据饲料原料可消化赖氨酸（DLys）和理想蛋白质氨基酸平衡模式（IAAP）配制低蛋白质试验饲粮（等能、等氨基酸平衡模式），设置饲粮DLys水平分别为0.61%（Ⅰ组）、0.66%（Ⅱ组）、0.71%（Ⅲ组）、0.76%（Ⅳ组）。结果表明，Ⅱ组平均日增重（ADG）最高（908.33 g），料重比（F/G）最低（2.77）；Ⅱ组血清尿素氮（UN）浓度]显著低于Ⅰ组和Ⅳ组（P < 0.05），与Ⅲ组差异不显著（P>0.05），血清胰岛素（INS）、胰岛素样生长因子-Ⅰ（IGF-Ⅰ）浓度随饲粮DLys水平的升高呈现先升高后降低的变化趋势（P>0.05）；血清赖氨酸（Lys）和苏氨酸（Thr）质量浓度Ⅳ组显著高于Ⅰ组（P < 0.05），其他血清氨基酸质量浓度呈现随饲粮DLys水平的升高先降低后升高的变化趋势（P>0.05），以Ⅱ组较低。综合生长性能和血清指标，在本试验条件下，二元母猪70~100 kg阶段饲粮DLys适宜日摄入量为16.57 g·d^-1，即饲粮DLys水平为0.66%，能获得较好的生长性能。
- 可消化赖氨酸 /
- 二元母猪 /
- 生长性能 /
- 血清指标 /
- 低蛋白质饲粮
Abstract: Effect of lysine content in a low-crude-protein fodder on the growth performance and serum biochemical indices of 70-to-100-kg-class gilts was studied. Ninety-six gilts crossbred between Landrace and Large White with an average body weight of (69.01 ±4.43)kg and similar physical conditions were randomly divided into 4 groups with 4 replicates each for the study. With an equal energy and balanced amino acid design, the digestible lysine (DLys)at 0.61% (Group Ⅰ), 0.66% (Group Ⅱ), 0.71% (Group Ⅲ) or 0.76% (Group Ⅳ )in the low protein diets were applied for the feeding. The results showed the gilts in Group Ⅱ had the highest average daily gain at 908.33 g·d^-1 and the lowest feed/gain ratio at 2.77 (P < 0.05) among all. The Group Ⅱ gilts also showed a significantly lower serum urea nitrogen than the gilts in Group Ⅰ or Group Ⅳ (P < 0.05), but no significant difference in comparison with Group Ⅲ (P>0.05). The serum insulin and insulin growth factor-Ⅰ in all test animals increased initially, and then, decreased as DLys increased (P>0.05). The serum lysine and threonine of the Group Ⅰ gilts were significantly lower than those of Group Ⅳ (P < 0.05), while the other amino acids decreased initially and followed by an increase with increasing DLys(P>0.05), which was lower in Group Ⅱ. Taking all factors into account, a daily DLys intake of 16.57 g·d^-1(or, as in Group Ⅱ, 0.66% DLys in the low-protein diet) would be optimal for the growth of gilts in the weight class.
- digestible lysine /
- two-line crossbred gilts /
- growth performance /
- serum parameters /
- low protein diet

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表 1 饲粮组成及营养水平(风干基础)

Table 1. Composition and nutrient levels of diets (on air-dry basis)

饲粮组成	含量	营养水平²⁾	含量
玉米/%	70.00	消化能/(MJ·kg^-1)	13.35
豆粕/%	12.00	粗蛋白质/%	14.15
麦皮/%	8.00	总赖氨酸/%	0.68
膨化大豆粉/%	6.00	可消化赖氨酸/%	0.61
磷酸氢钙/%	1.80	可消化苏氨酸/%	0.44
石粉/%	0.81	可消化蛋氨酸+可消化胱氨酸/%	0.40
50%氯化胆碱/%	0.12	可消化色氨酸/%	0.13
食盐/%	0.40
沸石粉/%	0.37
预混料¹⁾ /%	0.50
合计	100.00
注：① 0.5%预混料向每1 000 g饲粮提供:维生素A 8 000 IU，维生素D 2 500 IU，维生素E 40.00 mg，维生素K₃ 2.00 mg，维生素B₁ 2.50 mg，维生素B₂ 6.00 mg，维生素B₆ 3.00 mg，维生素B₁₂ 0.25 mg，烟酸26.00 mg，泛酸钙15.00 mg，叶酸0.45 mg，生物素0.50 mg，胆碱500 mg，Fe 140 mg，Cu 15 mg，Zn 140 mg，Mn 40 mg，I 0.50 mg，Se 0.25 mg；②CP、总Lys为实测值，其余营养素为计算值，DLys、DMet、DThr和DTrp根据NRC(1998)^[8]饲料可消化系数值计算。

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表 2 不同DLys水平饲粮对母猪生长性能的影响

Table 2. Effect of dietary DLys levels on growth of gilts

组别	初始体重 /kg	结束体重 /kg	日增重 /g	日均采食量 /kg	DLys日摄入量 /(g·d^-1)	料重比
Ⅰ组	69.69±3.35	96.44±4.79	891.67±41.28ab	2.51±0.02	15.31±1.87	2.81±0.05b
Ⅱ组	69.00±3.47	96.25±4.86	908.33±43.03a	2.51±0.01	16.57±1.23	2.77±0.04b
Ⅲ组	68.71±3.59	95.59±4.65	896.08±65.49ab	2.51±0.01	17.82±1.65	2.80±0.04b
Ⅳ组	68.65±3.07	94.47±4.87	860.78±44.46b	2.49±0.01	18.92±2.02	2.90±0.03a
注：同列数字后字母相同表示差异不显著(P>0.05)，字母不同表示差异显著(P＜0.05)，下表同。

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表 3 饲粮不同DLys水平对母猪血清生化和激素指标的影响

Table 3. Effect of dietary DLys levels on serum biochemistry and hormones of gilts

组别	尿素氮/ (mmol·L^-1)	葡萄糖/ (mmol·L^-1)	胰岛素/ (IU·mL^-1)	胰岛素样生长因子-Ⅰ /(IU·mL^-1)
Ⅰ组	6.10±0.39a	4.24±0.63	41.14±4.26	41.22±3.91
Ⅱ组	5.00±0.41b	4.18±0.39	46.25±5.21	45.63±6.12
Ⅲ组	5.49±0.37ab	4.79±0.26	42.78±4.84	43.94±5.36
Ⅳ组	6.06±0.37a	5.01±0.57	43.68±4.13	39.98±2.70

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表 4 饲粮不同DLys水平对母猪血清游离氨基酸质量浓度的影响

Table 4. Effect of dietary DLys levels on serum free amino acids of gilts

[单位/(mg·dL^-1)]
项目	Ⅰ组	Ⅱ组	Ⅲ组	Ⅳ组
必需氨基酸EAA	26.75±4.73	26.02±3.52	26.33±4.46	26.86±4.29
赖氨酸Lys	4.48±0.52a	4.76±0.64ab	4.84±0.32ab	5.03±0.71b
蛋氨酸Met	0.83±0.21	0.88±0.14	0.91±0.30	1.09±0.04
苏氨酸Thr	4.65±0.45a	4.86±0.65ab	4.97±0.78ab	5.05±0.76b
亮氨酸Leu	3.67±0.87	3.23±0.32	3.91±0.35	3.21±0.36
异亮氨酸Ile	1.73±0.45	1.63±0.22	1.56±0.34	1.65±0.25
苯丙氨酸Phe	2.01±0.52	1.56±0.27	1.64±0.35	1.85±0.21
缬氨酸Val	4.05±0.53	3.81±0.38	3.47±0.29	3.96±0.67
组氨酸His	1.12±0.27	1.17±0.11	0.96±0.13	1.09±0.19
精氨酸Arg	4.21±0.81	4.12±0.82	4.07±0.53	3.93±0.89
非必需氨基酸NEAA	18.12±2.26	17.43±2.48	16.42±2.71	18.52±4.39
天冬氨酸Asp	0.78±0.33	0.69±0.15	0.62±0.27	0.87±0.16
丝氨酸Ser	1.31±0.35	1.24±0.14	1.09±0.26	1.36±0.19
谷氨酸Glu	4.02±0.77	3.94±0.61	3.86±0.37	4.15±0.98
甘氨酸Gly	5.03±1.36	4.95±0.97	4.89±1.52	5.05±1.15
丙氨酸Aln	4.01±0.74	3.86±0.69	3.28±0.60	4.09±1.23
胱氨酸Cys	1.01±0.59	0.84±0.36	0.82±0.47	0.97±0.27
酪氨酸Tyr	1.96±0.52	1.91±0.67	1.86±0.39	2.03±0.19
总氨基酸TAA	44.87±5.14	43.45±6.15	42.75±4.12	45.38±6.36

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