福建气候条件下菜用大豆杂交方法研究

张玉梅; 徐日荣; 陈湘瑜; 陈昊; 滕振勇; 陆佩兰; 林国强; 胡润芳

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2019.01.002

福建气候条件下菜用大豆杂交方法研究

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2019.01.002

1.
福建省农业科学院作物研究所, 福建福州 350013
2.
福建省种子管理总站, 福建福州 350003

基金项目:

福建省科技计划项目——省属公益类科研院所基本科研专项 2018R1026-1

国家重点研发计划项目 2017YFD0101500

福建省财政专项——福建省农科院科技创新团队建设项目 STIT2017-2-6

详细信息

作者简介:
张玉梅(1980-), 女, 助理研究员, 主要从事大豆育种与栽培研究(E-mail:2407270791@qq.com)

通讯作者:
林国强(1965-), 男, 研究员, 主要从事大豆育种与栽培研究(E-mail:lgqfzfj@163.com)

胡润芳(1969-), 女, 研究员, 主要从事大豆育种及栽培技术研究(E-mail:279071648@qq.com)

中图分类号: S643.7
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2018-11-29
- 修回日期: 2019-12-20
- 刊出日期: 2019-01-28

Hybridization of Vegetable Soybean Designed for Climatic Conditions in Fujian

1.
Institute of Crop Science, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350013, China
2.
Fujian Seed Management Station, Fuzhou, Fujian 350003, China

摘要

摘要: 目的为探索提高福建气候条件下杂交成功率的有效方法，加快我省菜用大豆育种效率，为菜用大豆育种提供参考依据。方法通过在福建秋季非雨天配制杂交组合试验，选择不同时间的花蕾、萼片保留方法、不同授粉时间段等9个处理，每个处理3个组合，研究对菜用大豆杂交成活率和成功率的影响。结果选择始花期的前3 d花蕾去雄授粉，可显著或极显著提高菜用大豆杂交成活率，分别比第5 d提高了11.34%、12.00%、8.67%，同时真杂种率在90%以上；保留萼片有效地保护了雌蕊柱头及幼荚，使菜用大豆杂交成活率提高了5.34%，真杂种率达97.92%；去雄后次日授粉有利于提高杂交的成活率，比上午去雄即授粉提高了21.34%。结论福建气候条件下提高菜用大豆杂交成功率的综合技术方法是：秋季高畦双行播种，父母本相邻播种并连续播种7 d，其中父本提前5 d开始播种；非雨天配制杂交组合；选择始花期的前3 d的花蕾，去除2个萼片保留3个萼片，去除全部花瓣和雄蕊，下午进行花蕾处理，次日上午6:00~8:00授粉；整个生长期精细管理。
- 菜用大豆 /
- 杂交技术 /
- 杂交成功率
Abstract: Objective To improve the success rate in crossing, expedite the hybridization process, and provide information for future reference on the vegetable soybean breeding program specifically designed for the climatic conditions of Fujian Province. Method An experimentation employing 9 variations on floral budding time, sepals retention and pollination period with 3 combinations of soybean varieties for each hybridization treatment was conducted on rain-free autumn days. Result (1) Conducting emasculation and pollination on buds within the first 3 days in the initial flowering stage significantly or extremely significantly improved the survival rates of the hybrid. The rates were 11.34% higher on the 1^st day, 12.00% on the 2^nd day and 8.67% on the 3^rd day than on the 5^th day buds. The true hybridization obtained was greater than 90%. (2) Retaining sepals on the buds effectively protected the pistil stigmas and young pods, as well as rendered a hybrid survival rate of 5.34% and a true hybridization rate of 97.92%. And, (3) Performing pollination the day after emasculation resulted in a 21.34% higher hybrid survival rate than if the pollination was carried out in the same morning. Conclusion The recommended hybridization procedures were, therefore, to sow seeds in double rows with the parents adjacent to each other and the father sowed 5 days in advance for 7 days in autumn, utilize buds no later than 3 days after flowering, cross under rain-free condition, remove two and retain 3 sepals on a bud, eliminate all flowers, treat the petals and stamens in the afternoon, perform pollination between 6:00 to 8:00 a.m. on the day after emasculation, and handle with care during the entire growth period.
- Vegetable soybean /
- hybridization /
- success rate

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图 1 露瓣芽期花蕾

Figure 1. Stage of flower bud

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 去除全部萼片

Figure 2. Removal of all sepals

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 保留3个萼片

Figure 3. Retention of 3 sepals coming out of petal

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 母本花蕾对菜用大豆杂交成活率的影响

Table 1. Effect of flower bud selection on vegetable soybean hybrid survival rate

花蕾去雄时间 Flower bud	成活荚数Number of viable pod /个			成活率Survival rate/%			平均成活率 Average success rate/%
花蕾去雄时间 Flower bud	组合1 Combination 1	组合2 Combination 2	组合3 Combination 3	组合1 Combination 1	组合2 Combination 2	组合3 Combination 3	平均成活率 Average success rate/%
第1 d The first day	15	16	12	30	32	24	28.67 aA
第2 d The second day	15	16	13	30	32	26	29.33 aA
第3 d The third day	13	15	11	26	30	22	26.00 abAB
第4 d The forth day	11	12	8	22	24	16	20.67 bcAB
第5 d The fifth day	9	10	7	18	20	14	17.33 cB
注：表中同一指标用不同小写字母标识表示处理间差异显著(P < 0.05)，不同大写字母标识表示处理间差异极显著(P < 0.01)；组合1为闽豆5号/闽豆9号、组合2为毛豆3号/苏闽鲜1号、组合3为闽豆5号/苏闽鲜1号。表 2~4同。 Note:Different lowercase letters on a column indicates significant difference at 5% level; different uppercase letters on a column indicates very significant difference at 1% level; Combination 1 is Mindou 5/Mindou 9, Combination 2 is Maodu 3/Suminxian 1, and Combination 3 is Mindou 5/Suminxian 1. The same as following tables.

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表 2 花蕾处理对菜用大豆杂交成活率的影响

Table 2. Effect of flower bud treatment on vegetable soybean hybrid survival rate

花蕾处理 Bud treatment	成活荚数Number of viable pod /个			成活率Survival rate/%			平均成活率 Average success rate/%
花蕾处理 Bud treatment	组合1 Combination 1	组合2 Combination 2	组合3 Combination 3	组合1 Combination 1	组合2 Combination 2	组合3 Combination 3	平均成活率 Average success rate/%
保留萼片 Not-removing sepals	18	18	16	36	36	32	34.67aA
不留萼片 Without sepals	15	16	13	30	32	26	29.33aA

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表 3 授粉时间对菜用大豆杂交成活率的影响

Table 3. Effect of pollination time on vegetable soybean hybrid survival rate

授粉时间 Pollination time	成活荚数Number of viable pod /个			成活率Survival rate/%			平均成活率 Average success rate/%
授粉时间 Pollination time	组合1 Combination 1	组合2 Combination 2	组合3 Combination 3	组合1 Combination 1	组合2 Combination 2	组合3 Combination 3	平均成活率 Average success rate/%
下午去雄，次日授粉 Emasculating in the afternoon and pollinating in the next morning	18	18	16	36.00	36.00	32.00	34.67aA
上午去雄后即授粉 Pollinated in the morning immediately after emasculation	8	6	6	16.00	12.00	12.00	13.33bB

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表 4 不同处理真杂种率比较

Table 4. Rates of true hybridization by different treatments

处理 Treatment	成活荚数Number of viable pod /个			成活率Survival rate/%			平均成活率 Average success rate/%
处理 Treatment	组合1 Combination 1	组合2 Combination 2	组合3 Combination 3	组合1 Combination 1	组合2 Combination 2	组合3 Combination 3	平均成活率 Average success rate/%
第1 d The first day	15	16	12	93.33	100.00	100.00	97.78 aA
第2 d The second day	15	16	13	100.00	93.75	100.00	97.92 aA
第3 d The third day	13	15	11	92.31	86.67	100.00	92.99 abAB
第4 d The forth day	11	12	8	81.82	83.33	87.50	84.22 bB
第5 d The fifth day	9	10	7	66.67	70.00	71.43	69.37 cC
保留萼片 Not-removing sepals	18	18	16	100.00	94.44	100.00	98.15 aA
上午去雄后即授粉 Pollinated in the morning immediately after emasculation	8	6	6	87.50	100.00	83.33	90.28 abAB

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