松嫩平原盐碱土区不同土地利用方式对土壤碳、氮及酶活性的影响

刘骞; 郭博雅; 伍秀瑜; 王悦

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2021.08.013

松嫩平原盐碱土区不同土地利用方式对土壤碳、氮及酶活性的影响

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2021.08.013

长春大学园林学院，吉林　长春　130000

基金项目: 长春大学科研培育基金（2019JBC27L40）

详细信息

作者简介:
刘骞（1982−），女，博士，讲师，研究方向：土壤养分资源利用（E-mail：hamiqi.365@163.com）

中图分类号: S 154.1; X 144
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-03-13
- 修回日期: 2020-05-05
- 刊出日期: 2021-08-28

Carbon, Nitrogen, and Enzyme Activity in Saline-alkali Soil on Songnen Plain as Affected by Land Use

School of Gardens, Changchun University, Jilin, Changchun, Jilin　130022, China

摘要

摘要: 目的探究不同土地利用方式对盐碱地土壤肥力及微生物活性的影响，旨在为盐碱地改良及生态修复提供科学依据。方法以吉林西部松嫩平原为例，分析农耕水田（N₁）、农耕旱田（N₂）、湿地（S）、草地（C）等4种土地利用方式土壤中有机碳、全氮、蔗糖酶、脲酶、碱性磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶的变化特征及相互关系。结果不同土地利用方式的土壤有机碳含量为N₁：9.70～16.27 g·kg⁻¹、N₂：3.85～11.58 g·kg⁻¹、S：2.14～2.97 g·kg⁻¹、C：5.25～11.24 g·kg⁻¹；全氮含量为N₁：1.83～2.32 g·kg⁻¹、N₂：0.45～0.76 g·kg⁻¹、S：0.34～1.28 g·kg⁻¹、C：0.88～2.04 g·kg⁻¹；碳氮比为N₁：2.29～7.11、N₂：8.89～15.28、S：2.00～6.42 、C：4.20～5.97 ，不同土地利用方式的土壤酶活性均表现为脲酶（60.64～286.49 μmol·d⁻¹·mg⁻¹）＞碱性磷酸酶（9.22～48.05 μmol·d⁻¹·mg⁻¹）＞过氧化氢酶（9.14～9.68 μmol·d⁻¹·mg⁻¹）＞蔗糖酶（0.06～7.82 μmol·d⁻¹·mg⁻¹），并呈现出伴随土层加深土壤酶活性逐渐降低的趋势。相关分析结果表明，土壤蔗糖酶与碳氮比呈显著相关（P＜0.05），脲酶与碳氮比呈极显著相关（P＜0.01），碱性磷酸酶与有机碳呈极显著相关（P＜0.01）、与全氮呈显著相关（P＜0.05），过氧化氢酶与全氮呈极显著相关（P＜0.01）、与碳氮比呈显著相关（P＜0.05）。冗余分析结果表明，土壤蔗糖酶、脲酶主要受土壤pH值和容重调控，土壤碱性磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶主要受土壤含水量和电导率调控。结论土壤有机碳、全氮含量及酶活性在不同土地利用方式间具有较明显的差异，在垂直土层上呈现表层土壤高于深层土壤的规律性分布；农耕水田土地利用方式的土壤有机物质累积量和肥力优于农耕旱田、湿地和草地，证明种植水稻在一定程度上可改善盐碱土壤的肥力及微生物活性，有利于生态环境的改善和修复。
- 土地利用方式 /
- 有机碳 /
- 全氮 /
- 酶活性 /
- 盐碱土壤
Abstract: Objective Fertility and enzymatic activity of the saline-alkali soil in relation to land use were analyzed for ecological improvements and restoration. Method At sites on Songnen Plain in western Jilin province, the effects on organic carbon, total nitrogen, invertase, urease, alkaline phosphatase, and catalase of the saline-alkali soils under different types of land use as paddy farming field (N₁), dry farming field (N₂), wetland (S), and grassland (C) were compared. Result The organic carbon contents in the soils ranged 9.70–16.27 g·kg⁻¹ under N₁, 3.85–11.58 g·kg⁻¹ under N₂, 2.14–2.97 g·kg⁻¹ under S, and 5.25–11.24 g·kg⁻¹ under C. and the total nitrogen, 1.83–2.32 g·kg⁻¹ under N₁, 0.45–0.76 g·kg⁻¹ under N₂, 0.34–1.28 g·kg⁻¹ under S, and 0.88–2.04 g·kg⁻¹ under C. and the total T/N, 2.29–7.11 under N₁, 8.89–15.28 under N₂, 2.00–6.42 under S, and 4.20–5.97 under C. The activities of various enzymes were urease (60.64–286.49 μmol·d⁻¹·mg⁻¹)＞alkaline phosphatase (9.22–48.05 μmol·d⁻¹·mg⁻¹)＞catalase (9.14–9.68 μmol·d⁻¹·mg⁻¹)＞sucrase (0.06–7.82 μmol·d⁻¹·mg⁻¹) and decreased along the depth of the soil layers. The invertase significantly correlated with C/N at P＜0.05, the urease with C/N at P＜0.01, the alkaline phosphatase with the organic C at P＜0.01 and with the total nitrogen at P＜0.05, while the catalase with total nitrogen at P＜0.01 and with C/N at P＜0.05. The redundant analysis indicated that the activities of invertase and urease were mainly regulated by the pH and bulk density, while those of alkaline phosphatase and catalase largely affected by the moisture content and electric conductivity of the soil. Conclusion Land use exerted significant effects on the organic carbon, total nitrogen, and enzyme activity in the saline-alkali soils which gradually decreased from the surface to the deeper layers. Paddy farming on the land fostered the nutrient accumulation and increased the enzymatic activities in the soil. Thus, the type of land use was considered more ecologically friendly than wetland or grassland for the regions of saline-alkali soil.
- land uses /
- organic carbon /
- total nitrogen /
- enzyme activity /
- saline-alkali soil

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图 1 不同土地利用方式土壤蔗糖酶活性的垂直分布

注：（1）N₁为农耕水田、N₂为农耕旱田、C为草地、S为湿地；（2）图中括号外的小字母代表同一土地利用方式不同土层间在0.05水平上的差异显著性，括号内的小字母代表同一土层不同土地利用方式间在0.05水平上的差异显著性（图2～4同）。

Figure 1. Vertical distribution of sucrase in soils of varied land uses

Note: (1) N₁: farming paddy field; N₂: farming dry land; C: grassland; S: wetland. (2) Data with lowercase letters outside brackets represent significant difference at 0.05 level on indices of different soil layers under same land use; those within brackets represent significant difference at 0.05 level under different land use at same soil layer. Same for Figs. 2-4.

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图 2 不同土地利用方式土壤脲酶活性的垂直分布

Figure 2. Vertical distribution of urease in soils of varied land uses

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图 3 不同土地利用方式土壤碱性磷酸酶活性的垂直分布

Figure 3. Vertical distribution of alkaline phosphatase in soil of varied land uses

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图 4 不同土地利用方式土壤过氧化氢酶活性的垂直分布

Figure 4. Vertical distribution of catalase in soil of varied land uses

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图 5 环境因子与土壤碳、氮含量及酶活性冗余分析

注：SOC：有机碳，TN：全氮，C/N：碳氮比，SUC：蔗糖酶，URE：脲酶，ALP：碱性磷酸酶，CAT：过氧化氢酶，pH：pH值，SWC：鲜土含水率，SBD：容重，EC：电导率，ESP：碱化度。

Figure 5. Redundancy analysis results on environmental factors, soil enzyme activities, carbon, and nitrogen

Note: SOC: organic carbon，TN: total nitrogen， C/N: ratio of organic carbon to total nitrogen， SUC: sucrase，URE: urease，ALP: alkaline phosphatase， CAT: catalase，pH: soil pH， SWC: soil water content， SBD: soil bulk density， EC: electric conductivity， ESP: exchangeable sodium percentage.

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表 1 样地基本信息

Table 1. Relevant information on sampled fields

土地利用方式 Land use type	经度 Longitude	纬度 Latitude	pH	鲜土含水率 Water content/%	容重 Bulk density/ （g·cm⁻³）	电导率 Conductivity/ （ms·cm⁻¹）	碱化度 exchangeable sodium percentage/%	主要植被 Main vegetation
农耕水田 Paddy farming field（N₁）	E124°54′50″	N45°18′26″	8.29	50	0.83	0.21	7.11	水稻 rice
农耕旱田 Dry farming field（N₂）	E124°18′70″	N45°48′22″	8.56	43	1.02	0.20	7.23	玉米 corn
湿地 Wetland（S）	E124°48′45″	N45°14′38″	7.88	55	0.46	0.25	7.02	芦苇 reed
草地 Grassland（C）	E124°42′33″	N45°11′16″	8.98	39	1.53	0.16	8.56	碱蓬 Suaeda glauca Bge

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表 2 不同土地利用方式土壤碳、氮垂直分布特征

Table 2. Vertical distribution of carbon and nitrogen in soils of varied land uses

土地利用方式 Land use type	土层 siol layer/cm	有机碳 SOC/（g·kg⁻¹）	全氮 TN/（g·kg⁻¹）	碳氮比 C/N
农耕水田 Paddy farming field（N₁）	0～10	16.27±0.31 a（a）	2.32±0.05 a（a）	7.01±0.27a（a）
	10～20	15.38±0.56 b（a）	2.16±0.02 ab（a）	7.11±0.31a（a）
	20～30	11.70±0.38 c（a）	2.11±0.04 b（a）	5.55±0.10 b（a）
	30～40	10.53±0.34 d（a）	1.95±0.05 b（a）	5.39±0.06 b（a）
	40～50	9.70±0.15 e（a）	1.83±0.06 b（a）	2.29±0.20 c（a）
农耕旱田 Dry farming field（N₂）	0～10	11.58±0.23 a（b）	0.76±0.04 a（b）	15.28±1.11 a（b）
	10～20	7.61±0.39 b（b）	0.72±0.02 a（b）	10.58±0.73 b（b）
	20～30	6.84±0.03 c（b）	0.61±0.02 b（b）	11.22±0.35 b（b）
	30～40	6.44±0.12 c（b）	0.52±0.03 c（b）	12.43±0.95 c（b）
	40～50	3.85±0.09 e（b）	0.45±0.10 c（b）	8.89±1.80 d（b）
湿地 Wetland（S）	0～10	2.97±0.25 a（c）	1.28±0.07a（c）	2.32±0.29 cd（c）
	10～20	2.25±0.87 b（c）	1.11±0.11a（c）	2.00±0.70 d（c）
	20～30	2.69±0.19 ab（c）	1.03±0.05 ab（c）	2.62±0.08 c（c）
	30～40	2.30±0.09 b（c）	0.74±0.08 b（b）	3.13±0.24 b（c）
	40～50	2.14±0.10 b（c）	0.34±0.08 c（b）	6.42±1.14 a（c）
草地 Grassland（C）	0～10	11.24±0.07a（b）	2.04±0.07a（a）	5.51±0.29ab（d）
	10～20	10.11±0.29 b（d）	1.95±0.07a（a）	5.20±0.29 b（d）
	20～30	7.68±0.18 c（d）	1.83±0.13 a（a）	4.20±0.40 d（c）
	30～40	6.63±0.18 d（b）	1.25±0.01 b（c）	4.30±0.10 c（d）
	40～50	5.25±0.16 e（d）	0.88±0.04 c（c）	5.97±0.22 a（c）
注：括号外的小写字母代表同一土地利用方式不同土层间在0.05水平上的差异显著性，括号内的小写字母代表同一土层不同土地利用方式间在0.05水平上的差异显著性。 Note: Lowercase letters outside brackets represent significant difference at 0.05 level for indices of different soil layers under same land use; lowercase letters inside brackets represent significant difference at 0.05 level for indices of same soil layer under different land use.

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表 3 土壤碳、氮含量与土壤酶活性的相关性

Table 3. Correlations among carbon, nitrogen, and enzyme activity of soil

指标 Index	SOC	TN	C/N	SUC	URE	ALP	CAT
SOC	1
TN	0.607*	1
C/N	0.437	−0.443	1
SUC	0.531	0.086	0.583*	1
URE	0.552	−0.276	0.960**	0.771**	1
ALP	− 0.824**	−0.624*	−0.191	−0.161	−0.246	1
CAT	−0.272	−0.799**	0.620*	0.416	0.588*	0.528	1
注：（1）表示显著相关（P<0.05），表示极显著相关（P<0.01）；（2）SOC：有机碳，TN：全氮，C/N：碳氮比，SUC：蔗糖酶，URE：脲酶，ALP：碱性磷酸酶，CAT：过氧化氢酶。 Note：(1) indicates significant correlation (P <0.05), and ** significant correlation (P<0.01). (2) SOC: organic carbon， TN: total nitrogen，C/N: ratio of organic carbon to total nitrogen，SUC: sucrase，URE: urease， ALP: alkaline phosphatase， CAT: catalase.

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