Characteristics of Microbial Community in Rhizosphere Soil of Mangrove Forest Under Freshwater Stress
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摘要:目的 探讨红树植物在淡水环境中土壤微生态变化，评价红树植物适应性，为红树林在淡水区域引种和推广提供理论基础。方法 采用Biolog-ECO微平板技术和磷脂脂肪酸标记法（PLFA），探讨淡水驯化条件下红海榄（Rs）、白骨壤（Am）、拉关木（Lr）、秋茄（Kc）、桐花树（Ac）5种不同红树植物根际土壤微生物群落结构特征，揭示红树林根际土壤微生物群落结构对淡水胁迫的响应规律。结果 研究结果表明：5种红树植物土壤理化性质差异显著；代表微生物整体代谢活性的平均颜色变化率（AWCD）由高到低顺序为Am > Kc > Ac > Rs > Lr，Am土壤微生物代谢活性最强；5种红树植物根际土壤微生物利用碳源类型最多为多聚物；而采用PLFA分析微生物群落结构，5种红树植物共检测到17种PLFA生物标记，16:0含量最高，Am土壤总PLFA含量显著高于其他4种红树植物；土壤特征微生物分布量最大是细菌；主成分分析表明Lr、Am位于同一主成分，与Biolog研究结果类似。结论 淡水驯化条件下红树植物土壤质量明显优于无红树林裸滩（CK），5种红树植物根际土壤微生物群落结构存在差异，多聚物是根际土壤微生物的主要利用碳源。表征细菌的生物标记含量最多，在根际土壤微生物中起主导作用的依然是细菌。Abstract:Objective In order to provide a theoretical basis for the introduction and promotion of mangroves in freshwater areas, we explored the micro-ecological changes and adaptability of mangrove plants in freshwater environments.Method To explore the microbial community structure characteristics of rhizosphere soil of 5 different mangrove plants, including Rhizophora stylosa(Rs), Avicennia marina(Am), Laguncularia racemose(Lr), Kandelia candel(Kc) and Aegiceras corniculatum(Ac), we performed the study by using Biolog-ECO micro plate (BIOLOG) and phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) for revealing the response of microbial community structure to freshwater stress.Result The results showed that the soil physical and chemical properties were significantly different among 5 mangrove plants. The average well color development (AWCD) values from high to low were as follows:Am > Kc > Ac > Rs > Lr, and value of Am was the highest among 5 treatments. Ploymers was the most utilized carbon source. The PLFAs analysis was performed to explore the changes in the abundance of soil microbes. The results showed that a total of 17 kinds of PLFA were detected in 5 mangrove plants, and the highest content of PLFAs was 16:0, moreover, the total PLFAs content of Am was significantly higher than the other plants; the group-specific PLFAs in 5 soil samples showed the same trend that content of bacteria reached the maximum. Principal component analysis showed that Lr and Am soils distributed in the same principal component, which was similar to the results of BIOLOG.Conclusion The results indicated that soil of 5 plants was significantly better than unplanted mangrove soil (CK). The microbial community structure of rhizosphere soil was significantly different among mangrove plants. Soil microorganisms of 5 treatments showed the highest utilization of polymers, moreover, biomarkers of bacteria showed the same trend in 5 treatments.
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Keywords:
- mangrove forest /
- fresh water /
- soil microorganisms /
- Biolog /
- PLFA
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图 1 不同红树植物土壤AWCD值变化曲线
Figure 1. AWCD changes in rhizosphere soils planted with different mangroves
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图 2 不同红树植物根际土壤微生物对6大类碳源利用的AWCD值(120 h)
Figure 2. AWCDs on carbon utilization in 120 h by rhizosphere microorganisms in soils planted with different mangroves
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图 3 不同红树植物根际土壤微生物利用碳源的主成分分析
Figure 3. Principal component analysis on microbial utilization of carbon sources in rhizosphere soils of different mangrove plants
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图 4 不同红树植物根际土壤微生物PLFA主成分分析(A)及单个磷脂脂肪酸初始载荷因子主成分分析(B)
Figure 4. Principal components analyses on microbial PLFAs in rhizosphere soils of different mangrove plants (A) and on initial load factor of individual PLFA (B)
表 1 5种红树植物基本生长状况
Table 1 Basic growth status of 5 varieties of mangrove plants
红树植物
Mangrove plant平均株高
Average plant height/m平均地径
Average ground diameter/cm树龄
Tree age/a红海缆Rhizophora stylosa 0.57 1.12 2 白骨壤Avicennia marina 1.75 1.82 2 拉关木Laguncularia racemose 1.58 1.78 2 秋茄Kandelia candel 0.36 1.70 2 桐花Aegiceras corniculatum 0.77 1.28 2 
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表 2 不同红树植物土壤理化性质
Table 2 Physiochemical properties of soils planted with different mangrove plants
红树植物
Mangrove plant土壤
pHSoil pH全氮
Total nitrogen
/(g·kg-1)全磷
Total phosphorus
/(g·kg-1)全钾
Total potassium
/(g·kg-1)速效钾
Available potassium
/(mg·kg-1)速效磷
Available phosphorus
/(mg·kg-1)碱解氮
Available nitrogen
/(mg·kg-1)Rs 4.86±0.01d 2.18±0.07cd 0.13±0.01d 1.05±0.02b 138.50±3.19d 2.41±0.18bc 20.53±2.83b Am 5.09±0.03b 2.51±0.02bc 0.13±0.01d 1.02±0.02b 171.48±2.40c 2.37±0.09c 32.43±1.46a Lr 5.09±0.02b 2.65±0.17b 0.15±0.003c 1.03±0.02b 244.70±2.28b 2.46±0.01bc 34.53±4.66a Kc 5.05±0.03b 2.13±0.07cd 0.17±0.002b 1.14±0.02a 245.31±64.72b 3.14±0.24a 16.80±1.85b Ac 5.00±0.02c 3.75±0.49a 0.18±0.004a 0.93±0.11c 382.69±7.56a 2.65±0.07b 35.23±4.45a CK 6.12±0.03a 2.11±0.04d 0.05±0.001e 0.62±0.01d 106.72±14.70d 1.18±0.15d 8.63±1.07c 注：同列数据后不同字母表示差异显著(P < 0.05)，表 3、6同。
Note: Different letters after the same column of data indicate significant difference (P < 0.05), the same as table 3 and 6.
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表 3 不同红树植物根际土壤微生物群落多样性指数
Table 3 Microbial diversity indices of rhizosphere soils of different mangrove plants
红树植物
Mangrove plantSimpson指数
Simpson indexShannon-wiener指数
Shannon-wiener index均匀度指数
Pielou indexBrillouin指数
Brillouin indexMcIntosh指数
McIntosh indexRs 0.97±0.004b 3.97±0.07cd 0.80±0.01cd 2.75±0.04b 1.00±0.02b Am 0.98±0.003ab 4.57±0.11a 0.92±0.02a 3.55±0.17a 0.99±0.03b Lr 1.00±0.01a 3.76±0.17d 0.76±0.03d 2.11±0.28c 1.09±0.03a Kc 0.97±0.003b 4.19±0.29bc 0.85±0.06bc 3.09±0.48ab 0.96±0.04ab Ac 0.99±0.02ab 4.41±0.09ab 0.89±0.02ab 3.29±0.13a 0.96±0.05ab
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表 4 不同红树植物根际土壤微生物各PLFA种类及含量
Table 4 Types and contents of PLFAs in rhizosphere soils of different mangrove plants
序号
No.生物标记
Biomarkers微生物类型
Microbial group红树植物Different mangrove plants/(μg·g-1) Rs Am Lr Kc Ac 1 a14:0w 革兰氏阳性细菌G+ 7.31a 4.26b 4.08b 0 2.40c 2 i13:0w 革兰氏阳性细菌G+ 3.53c 10.61a 8.03b 8.15b 4.85c 3 i15:0w 革兰氏阳性细菌G+ 0 15.31a 0 0 2.28b 4 16:1w7c 革兰氏阴性细菌G- 8.00c 12.94a 12.65a 7.37c 11.49b 5 16:1w9 革兰氏阴性细菌G- 9.32c 13.19bc 23.12a 14.49b 0 6 cy17:0w 革兰氏阴性细菌G- 0 3.91b 4.25a 3.01c 4.10ab 7 10mel17:0w 放线菌actinomycete 5.38b 7.08a 5.34b 2.88c 6.03ab 8 10mel19:0w 放线菌actinomycete 7.52bc 9.91ab 11.37a 4.67d 6.28cd 9 15:0 细菌bacteria 9.71bc 4.20d 14.50a 11.67b 7.71c 10 16:0 细菌bacteria 32.11cd 47.93a 42.96b 36.48c 28.31d 11 20:0 细菌bacteria 2.99b 0 0 0 5.97a 12 22:0 细菌bacteria 5.68b 10.53a 3.88c 4.50bc 4.06c 13 23:0 细菌bacteria 4.87b 9.70a 0 5.09b 0 14 30:0 细菌bacteria 18.41b 5.18c 7.78c 25.09a 18.10b 15 24:0 细菌bacteria 11.67c 17.50a 4.81d 6.89d 14.55b 16 18:2w6c 真菌fungi 22.51a 0 0 0 0 17 18:1w9 真菌fungi 0 28.29a 11.24b 8.67b 10.68b 注：同行数据后不同字母表示差异显著(P < 0.05)。表 5同。
Note: Different letters after the same line indicate significant difference (P < 0.05), the same as table 5.
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表 5 不同红树植物根际土壤特征微生物类群PLFA含量
Table 5 PLFA content of microbial populations in rhizosphere soils of different mangrove plants
特征微生物类群
Microbial groups不同红树植物Different mangrove plants/(μg·g-1) Rs Am Lr Kc Ac 细菌bacteria 61.56c 77.53a 69.12b 82.83a 50.35d 革兰氏阳性细菌G+ 10.85bc 30.17a 12.11b 8.15d 9.53cd 革兰氏阴性细菌G- 17.32d 30.04b 40.02a 24.87c 15.59d 真菌fungi 22.51b 28.29a 11.25c 10.68c 8.67c 放线菌actinomycete 13.11b 17.65a 16.72a 7.88b 12.30c 革兰氏阳性细菌/革兰氏阴性细菌G+/G- 0.63b 1.01a 0.31c 0.33c 0.21d 真菌/细菌fungi/bacteria 0.37a 0.37a 0.16c 0.10d 0.21b 正常饱和磷脂脂肪酸/单烯不饱和磷脂脂肪酸Ns/ms 4.24a 1.75c 1.58c 2.93b 2.94b
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表 6 不同红树植物根际土壤微生物群落多样性指数
Table 6 Diversity indices of microbial communities in soils planted with different mangroves
红树植物类型
mangrove typesSimpson指数
Simpson indexShannon-wiener指数
Shannon-wiener indexPielou均匀度指数
Pielou indexBrillouin指数
Brillouin indexMcIntosh指数
McIntosh indexRs 0.89±0.003b 3.60±0.02c 0.90±0.005b 3.60±0.02c 0.67±0.005b Am 0.90±0.0005a 3.72±0.01a 0.91±0.003a 3.72±0.01a 0.69±0.0008a Lr 0.90±0.002b 3.67±0.02b 0.90±0.005b 3.67±0.02b 0.68±0.003b Kc 0.88±0.003c 3.52±0.01d 0.88±0.006c 3.52±0.02d 0.66±0.004c Ac 0.90±0.002a 3.71±0.01a 0.91±0.002a 3.71±0.01a 0.69±0.003a
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表 7 红树植物土壤理化性质与PLFA标记的相关性
Table 7 Correlation between physiochemical properties and PLFA markers in rhizosphere soils of different mangrove plants
因子
Factors土壤
pHSoil pH全氮
Total nitrogen
/(g·kg-1)全磷
Total phosphorus
/(g·kg-1)全钾
Total potassium
/(g·kg-1)速效钾
Available potassium
/(mg·kg-1)速效磷
Available phosphorus
/(mg·kg-1)碱解氮
Available nitrogen
/(mg·kg-1)细菌bacteria 0.17 0.75** -0.01 0.73** -0.52* 0.35 0.79** 革兰氏阳性菌G+ 0.43 -0.20 -0.67** -0.05 -0.44 -0.47 0.27 革兰氏阴性菌G- 0.61* 0.27 -0.11 -0.31 -0.48 0.11 0.76** 真菌fungi -0.12 -0.42 -0.87** 0.06 -0.58* -0.75** -0.08 放线菌Actinomycete 0.43 -0.53* -0.68** 0.27 -0.41 -0.63* 0.14 注：*为显著相关P < 0.05；**为极显著相关P < 0.01。
Note:* Indicates the correlation is significan，P＜0.05；** Indicates the correlation is highly significant，P＜0.01.
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