Abstract: The variation, correlation, principal component on 16 major agronomic traits as well as the genetic diatance of 34 vegetable soybean were studied. The results showed that:abundant variations were observed among the major agronomic traits of vegetable soybean, the variation coefficient ranged from 4.97% to 31.68%, the height of bottom pods have the highest variation coefficient, the harvest days have the lowest variation coefficient; The correlation analysis showed that there were significant positive correlations among the individual weight and stem coarse, effective branch number; there were significant negative correlations among the fresh hundred grain weight and number of main stem section, effective branch number, significant negative correlation among the fresh hundred grain weight and the main stem height. The cumulative contribution rate was up to 81.52% of the first 4 principal component analysis. There were pod number factor, pod size factor, kernel factor and plant type factor respectively. The genetic distance of 34 vegetable soybean were counted utilizing the value of the first 4 principal component, which divided them into 7 groups at the level of D²=3.84 according to the value of genetic distance, the Ⅱ group had the most number cultivar, and had the most complex genetic relationship. Calculated the composite scores of each cultivars accorded to the first four principal component values and its contribution of the corresponding characteristic root value, the top six cultivars could be used to utilize as breeding parent or spread.