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2024,
39(4):
369-377.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2024.04.001
Abstract:
Objective Effects of Yupingfeng on the growth performance, immune function and serum biochemical indices of Dehua black chicken were investigated, and the safety of Yupingfeng was observed. Method Astragalus membranaceus, Atractylodis macrocephalae Koidz. and Radix Saposhnikoviae were mixed and decocted at a mass ratio of 2:2:1 to make the decoction concentration at 1 g·mL-1 of raw materials. The tested 160 30-day-old Dehua black chickens with similar body weight were randomly divided into a low-dose group (treated with 1.25 mL Yupingfeng decoction per chicken per day), a medium-dose group (treated with 1.875 mL), a high-dose group (treated with 2.5 mL), and a control group（0 mL). Each group had 4 replicates, with 10 chickens in each replicate. Yupingfeng decoction was mixed in drinking water and fed for 25 days. Blood and duodenum were sampled to test relevant indicators of growth performance, intestinal morphology immune function, antioxidant capacity and serum biochemistry. Results Compared with the control group, 1）the daily weight gains in groups of the medium- and high-dose were increased by 16.77%(P＜0.05) and 27.58%(P＜0.01), and the feed conversion ratios of the three dose groups were increased by 8.30%,14.61% and 21.92%, respectively; 2）the levels of IL-2 of serum in the three dose groups, and the levels of SIgA of the duodenal mucosa in the medium- and high-dose groups were significantly increased(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01) ; the levels of IFN-γ and TNF-α of serum in the three dose groups were significantly decreased (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01) . 3) the reduction of the MDA concentration in the three dose groups was extremely significant (P＜0.01), while the GSH-Px activity and SOD activity in the three dose groups, the CAT activity and T-AOC activity in the high dose group, were significantly increased(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01). 4) In the medium- and high- dose groups, the crypt depth was decreased (P＜0.05), while the ratio of villus height to crypt depth was increased(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01); 5) In the three dose groups , there were no significant differences in the serum biochemical indices of total bilirubin, triglycerides, total cholesterol, aspartate aminotransferase alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, creatinine, and creatine kinase (P＞0.05). Conclusion The Yupingfeng decoction can improve the growth performance, intestinal morphology, antioxidant capacity and immune function with anti-inflammatory effect and maintaining immune homeostasis in Dehua black chicken. And Yupingfeng decotion is safe, and the proper dosage is 2.5 mL per chicken per day.
2024,
39(4):
378-386.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2024.04.002
Abstract:
Objective To clarify the pathogenicity and culture characteristics of Goose astrovirus(GAstV). Methods Disease diagnosis and pathogen isolation, identification, gene sequencing, culture characteristics , and pathogenicity on a goose at a farm in Guangdong showing visceral and gout symptoms were conducted. Results The Goose astrovirus (GAstV) isolated from the tissue sample was named GD2208. It showed the highest homology of 97.4%–99.1% with the reference strain GAstV-Ⅱ based on the ORF2 gene nucleotide sequence. They belonged to the same evolutionary branch on the evolutionary tree. In an animal regression test, the chicks inoculated with GD2208 displayed similar clinical symptoms as well as the pathological and histopathological changes observed on the naturally infected 3-day-old goose and had a 20% mortality rate. The isolate could proliferate in goose embryos, but unable to adapt to SPF chicken or Muscovy duck embryos after 4 generations of blind transmission. It could also grow in GEK and LMH cells with the apparent cytopathic effects or in DF-1 cells without the effects after 8 generations of blind transmission. Conclusion A GAstV-Ⅱ strain isolated from a diseased goose when inoculated in healthy chicks produced similar symptoms on the birds, and it could grow in goose embryos, GEK, LMH, and DF-1 cells.
2024,
39(4):
387-397.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2024.04.003
Abstract:
Objective Correlation between the mutation sites of tyrosinase related protein 1b gene, TYRP1b, and body color traits of Danio rerio was investigated. Method DNA of muscles from zebrafish of three significantly different body color phenotypes were used as the templates. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the genes were tested by PCR and Sanger direct sequencing to determine the relationship between the mutation sites of TYRP1b and traits of zebrafish body color. Result The exon 2, partial intron 3, exon 4, intron 4, exon 5, intron 5, exon 6, and exon 7 of TYRP1b were 134 bp, 212 bp, 168 bp, 135 bp, 180 bp, 113 bp, 150 bp, and 171bp in length, respectively. Eighteen SNPs were found in 219 zebrafish with body color of red, yellow, and blue. Of them, 11 (i.e., g.2125G＞A, g.2150G＞A, g.2152G＞T, g.2161C＞A, g.2175A＞T, g.2180G＞T, g.2185A＞T, g.2192A＞C, g.2200A＞T, g.2201A＞C, and g.2213T＞C) were located in partial intron 3, 5 (i.e., g.7C＞A, g.65A＞G, g.84T＞A, and g.103C＞T) in intron 4 and g.61G＞T in intron 5, and the synonymous mutation g.125G＞T in exon 4 and g.80T＞A in exon 6. No SNPs were detected in exons 2, 5, and 7. An association analysis showed that the genotypes of g.2152G＞T, g.2175A＞T, g.2180T＞G, g.2192A＞C, g.2200A＞T, and g.2201A＞C in intron 3, g.65A＞G in intron 4, and g.80T＞A in exon 6 of TYRP1b significantly correlated with zebrafish body color (P＜0.01). Conclusion It appeared that 8 SNPs in introns 3, 4, and exon 6 of TYRP1b in D. rerio were associated with body color phenotype of the fish.
2024,
39(4):
398-408.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2024.04.004
Abstract:
Objective In order to improve the yield, quality and resistance of traditional glutinous rice varieties, and meet the development demand of special glutinous rice market. Method Glutinous rice germplasms of high yield, disease resistance, low amylose content (AC), and high alkali spreading value (ASV) were evaluated and identified. Using the incomplete diallel crossing(NC II) method, the selected parental lines and 20 hybrids were pooled to construct a matrix for breeding evaluation. Result The actual yields of 7 choice germplasms ranged from 7744.35 to 9216.45 kg·hm−2, among which X-104 had the highest real cut yield of 9216.45 kg·hm−2 and X-27 had the highest real cut yield of 8960.40 kg·hm−2, which were significantly higher than those of the 3 reference varieties. The abovementioned two short and stout cultivars respectively carried Pi-1 and Pi-kh and Pi-1, Pi-9, and Pi-kh genes were moderate resistance to rice blast. They had AC of 1.71% and 1.68% as well as ASV of 6.75 and 6.13, respectively, indicating low gelatinization temperature. For heterosis in breeding, X-27 exhibited a combining ability of higher on grain yield and quality in addition to taller on plant height; X-57 of greater on yield and ASV but lower on plant height and AC; and X-104, despite the high grain yield and quality, did not offer meaningful advantages. Among the hybrids, Minnuo 2S/X-41 and Minnuo 2S/X-107 were significantly superior to their parents in terms of grain yield, plant height, AC, and ASV. Conclusion The determination of grain yield and quality of glutinous rice involves numerous factors such as effective panicle number, panicle length, 1000-grain weight, length-to-width ratio, yield per plant, AC, and ASV. The broad heritability (h2B) of such traits of the parents and hybrids in this study ranged between 14.72%–53.99%, and the narrow heritability (h2N) between 10.25%–43.07%. The relatively low indexes indicated instability and being prone to environmental effects in gene transfer from generation to generation. Consequently, breeding glutinous rice targeted for a specific use would require a complicated process of selection and hybridization.
2024,
39(4):
409-417.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2024.04.005
Abstract:
Objective Effects of practices of tillage and green manure utilization on fertility and enzyme activity of soil and yield of sugarcane crop under a continuous cultivation were evaluated. Method On a sugarcane field, the traditional rotary tillage (TCK), Fenlong tillage (FLCK), Fenlong tillage with sugarcane and soybean discards returned to sugarcane roots (FLG), and soybean discards returned to wide rows (FLK) were applied with a random block design. Contents of organic matter and available nutrients and activities of urease, saccharase, acid phosphatase, and catalase as well as yield and quality of sugarcane crop under treatments were compared. Result (1) The treatments induced significantly varied effects on the fertility and enzyme activity of the soil. The 40.6% to 76.7% organic matter contents in the soil around the roots and wide rows were significantly higher than that of TCK (P＜0.05). FLG, FLK, and FLCK significantly raised the available N and P in the soil around the roots with an increase of 16.1%–41.8%. (2) The activities of urease (except under FLG), sucrase, acid phosphatase, and catalase in the soil under FLG, FLK, and FLCK were 0.7-166.7% higher than those under TCK. (3) The 2-year average sugarcane yields under FLG, FLK, and FLCK were 13.1%–30.5% higher than under TCK. Those of FLG and FLK were significantly higher than that of FLCK by 9.9%–15.3% with FLG showing the highest average of 86 043 kg·hm−2. The sucrose content, brix, gravity purity, apparent purity, and pol of sugarcane grown under FLG, FLK, and FLCK were higher than those under TCK. (4) The sugarcane yield significantly correlated with soil urease activity, and extremely significantly correlated with soil sucrase, acid phosphatase, catalase activity, organic matter, available N, and available P. Conclusion Fenlong tillage with green manure returned to the land significantly improved the nutrient contents and enzyme activities in the soil as well as the sugarcane yield and quality on a continuous cropping field. Ease for field operation, Fenlong tillage using green manure on wide rows was recommended for local farming.
2024,
39(4):
418-426.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2024.04.006
Abstract:
Objective Varieties of sweet cherry cultivars from Sichuan Province were analyzed for self-compatibility by the presence of mutant S gene. Method Using the universal and specific primers of S genotype, DNA from the leaves of 39 Cerasus avium L. specimens collected in Sichuan were amplified by PCR. The amplified fragments containing SFB4 and/or SFB4' were sequenced for comparison and further analysis. Result Six genes of S genotype were identified from the 39 sweet cherry specimens with 27 of them having S3 genes, 19 having S9, 12 having S1, 11 having S4, 7 having S6, and 3 having S2. In the 11 specimens containing S4 genes, the ORF sequences of SFBs were amplified. By comparing SFB4 and SFB4', 4 base deletions at 903 bp were observed on the mutant. Subsequently, with a specially designed primer for SFB4', the sequencing indicated the SFB in 7 of the specimens to be SFB4'. Conclusion Six S genes were identified in the 39 C. avium specimens collected in Sichuan. The S4 from 7 of the specimens was the mutant gene, SFB4'.
2024,
39(4):
427-437.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2024.04.007
Abstract:
Objective To explore the effects of paclobutrazol (PAC) and ethephon (ETH) on carbon and nitrogen metabolism, endogenous hormone levels, and flower-related gene expression in the flowering plant of Erythrina sykesii, and provide theoretical basis for regulating the flowering period of E. sykesii. Methods Eight-year-old E. sykesii. were treated with three sprays of PAC (600 mg·L−1) and ETH (50 mg·L−1) during the bud physiological differentiation stage, with distilled water as the control (CK). The contents of carbon and nitrogen metabolites, endogenous hormone levels, and flower-related gene expression in the top buds were detected during different bud physiological differentiation periods, and the inflorescence size and number, and branch flowering rate were investigated and statistically analyzed during the peak flowering period. Results After spraying PAC and ETH on the leaves of E. sykesii., the soluble sugar and total carbon (C) content in the top buds gradually increased with the progress of physiological differentiation, while the soluble protein and total nitrogen (N) content gradually decreased, resulting in an increase in the C/N ratio. Among them, there were significant differences between the PAC+ETH treatment and the PAC and ETH treatments, with the PAC+ETH treatment reaching the maximum C/N ratio at the end of physiological differentiation. The endogenous hormone content in the top buds also changed with the physiological differentiation process, with zeatin riboside (ZR) and abscisic acid (ABA) content gradually increasing, while gibberellic acid (GA3) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) content gradually decreasing; resulting in a gradual increase in the ratios of ABA/IAA, ABA/GA3, ZR/IAA, and ZR/GA3. There were significant differences between the PAC+ETH treatment and the PAC and ETH treatments, with the PAC+ETH treatment reaching the maximum ABA/IAA, ABA/GA3, ZR/IAA, and ZR/GA3 ratios at the end of physiological differentiation, which were 317.49%, 185.34%, 310.58%, and 180.62% higher than the control, respectively. The flowering-promoting gene Flowering Locus T (FT) began to express and the gene amount gradually increased during the middle stage of physiological differentiation, while SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS1 (SOC1), APETALA 1 (AP1), SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE (SVP), and LEAFY (LFY) genes were significantly expressed at the end of physiological differentiation. The flowering-inhibiting gene TERMINAL FLOWER 1 (TFL1) began to express and the gene amount gradually decreased during the early stage of physiological differentiation. Both paclobutrazol and ethephon treatments promoted the flowering bud differentiation process and flowering induction of E. sykesii. The plant treated with PAC+ETH had an advanced flowering period of 12 days, a flowering rate of 36.46%, and a total flowering period of 55 days. Conclusion During the physiological differentiation stage of the flower buds of E. sykesii., spraying paclobutrazol and ethenol is conducive to enhancing the content of carbon and nitrogen metabolites, modulating endogenous hormone levels, stimulating the expression of flowering-related genes, and effectively facilitating floral bud differentiation in E. sykesii.
2024,
39(4):
438-447.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2024.04.008
Abstract:
Objective Effect of application of a microbial agent on the microbiome in soil at a Phyllostachys edulis forest was analyzed. Method In a P. edulis forest, a microbial solution of Enterobacter aerogenes CT-B09-2, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens JL-B06, and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus WYS-A01-1 was applied by root irrigation onto the soil around the seedlings. Rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil samples at the spots were collected 30 d after the application for physical and chemical analyses. Total DNA in soil was extracted, and 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing performed to dissect the microbial community structure and diversity. Results The applied bioagent effectively increased the available phosphorus, regulated the pH, and improved the functional activities related to material metabolism and decomposition of carbon compounds in the rhizosphere soil. There were 26 phyla, 65 classes, 158 orders, 253 families, 448 genera, and 674 species detected in the soil samples with Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteriota, Acidobacteriota, and Chloroflexi being the dominant phyla. The application significantly increased the number of species in the microbial community only in the rhizosphere soil. Conclusion Application of the mixed microbial cultures significantly and positively affected the mineral contents, pH, and microbial community in the rhizosphere soil at the bamboo forest.
2024,
39(4):
448-455.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2024.04.009
Abstract:
Objective Effects of applying Bacillus subtilis B2-GFP culture broth on the growth and physiology of sweet pepper seedlings were studied. Methods In a pot experiment, seedlings of sweet pepper Shuoyuan 808 were treated with B. subtilis B2-GFP culture broths at the concentrations of 1×105 CFU·mL−1 (T1), 1×106 CFU·mL−1 (T2), 1×107 CFU·mL−1 (T3), and 1×108 CFU·mL−1 (T4), along with non-treatment control (CK). The transplanted sweet pepper seedlings were given 5 mL 1×106CFU·mL−1 B2-GFP culture broth every 7 d for 3 times. Growth index, biomass accumulation, leaf photosynthesis, and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters as well as antioxidant enzyme activities, morphological formation, and root vitality of the plants were monitored at 21 d. Results Application of the B2-GFP culture broth increased the plant height and biomass as well as the leaf area and chlorophyll content over CK. The greatest effect was observed under T2, which also accentuated the leaf transpiration rate (Tr), stomatal conductance (Gs), maximum fluorescence (Fm), photosystem II potential Activity (ФPSⅡ), and photochemical fluorescence quenching coefficient (qP) as well as the activities of peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) in the roots but reduced the intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) and chlorophyll basic fluorescence (Fo). Conclusion When the transplanted sweet pepper seedlings were given 1×106 CFU·mL−1 B2-GFP culture broth, all monitored indicators on the plant growth and root development including leaf photosynthetic parameters and biomass and root antioxidant enzymes activities and vitality were significantly improved in 3 weeks.
2024,
39(4):
456-465.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2024.04.010
Abstract:
Objective NPK fertilization to maximize the yield and quality of chili peppers for processing was formulated. 【Method】 An experiment of quadratic saturation D-optimal design with three factors of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium was applied to optimize the formulation targeted to maximize the yield and quality of Mingjiao 9 chili peppers for further processing. Result Significant effects on chili pepper yield and processing quality were found to be K＞P＞N. The optimal amount of N, P2O5, K2O was 151.10, 59.28, 306.78 kg·hm−2 to reach the greatest yield, and 148.59, 59.34, 291.66 kg·hm−2 to achieve the most desirable quality. The combinations of N and P, N and K, and P and K also exerted significant enhancing effects on the chili pepper yield and quality. The optimized fertilizations with a predicted yield exceeding 29,000 kg·hm−2 at 95% confidence level called for the application N, P2O5, and K2O at 109.24–174.43 kg·hm−2, 44.40–78.95 kg·hm−2, and 213.85–287.95 kg·hm−2, respectively, while for a score above 80 on overall chili pepper quality, the application of 63.08–115.23 kg·hm−2, 42.26–72.50 kg·hm−2, and 211.23–292.23 kg·hm−2, respectively, were determined. Conclusion Experimentally optimized NPK fertilizations for chili pepper cultivation to provide a yield of 29000 kg·hm−2 and a quality score of 80 or higher were formulated. To accomplish the goal on yield as well as quality, the formulation would include the ranges of 109.24–115.23 kg·hm−2 on N, 44.40–72.50 kg·hm−2 on P2O5, and 213.85–287.95 kg·hm−2 on K2O with a N∶P2O5∶K2O ratio of 1–1.05∶0.41–0.6∶1.96–2.64.
2024,
39(4):
466-474.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2024.04.011
Abstract:
Objective Effects of melatonin application on plant physiology and biochemistry as well as cell wall components of Bougainvillea plants under low temperature were studied. Method Bougainvillea leaves were sprayed with melatonin solutions in the concentrations of 0, 50, 100, and 150 µmol·L–1 at 4 ℃. Leaf area, chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters at the optimal/maximal quantum yield of PSⅡ (Fv/Fm), apparent electron transfer rate (ETR), photochemical quenching coefficient (qP), non-photochemical quenching coefficient (qN)], activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT), membrane lipid peroxidation products at the production rate of superoxide anion (O2−), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content, osmotic adjustment soluble sugar (SS) and soluble protein (SP) as well as cell wall components including chelate pectin (CSP), alkali-soluble pectin (SSP), hemicellulose (HC), and cellulose (CE) of the plants were monitored weekly for 3 consecutive weeks from the beginning of treatments (MT0). Result At 4 ℃, the growth and development of Bougainvillea plants was hindered showing unbalanced chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, intensified membrane lipid peroxidation, and altered cell wall composition. The spray of 100 µmol·L−1 melatonin significantly enhanced the physiological activity, reduced wilting, Fv/Fm and ETR, increased activities of SOD, POD, and CAT (e.g., by 96.45%, 104.35%, and 73.11%, respectively, in Elizabeth Angus), decreased H2O2 content by 21.07% and O2− production rate by 26.85%, and raised CSP by 22.55% and SSP by 43.08% in the cell wall over those at MT0. Conclusion Melatonin regulated the physiology of Bougainvillea plants and effectively mitigated the growth inhibition by cold stress. The spray reduced the damage to the photosystem, enhance the antioxidant enzyme activity, retard the membrane lipid oxidation, and stabilize the cell wall of the plant suggesting a potential treatment for preventing serious harms by temperature decline in winter.
2024,
39(4):
475-481.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2024.04.012
Abstract:
Objective Physiological mechanism and application concentration of foliar quercetin (Q) spray in improving drought resistance of chestnut seedlings were studied. Method In an irrigation-controlled pot experiment, seedlings of Yanbao chestnut (YB) were sprayed Q solutions of concentrations at 600 μmol·L−1 (QD1), 1 200 μmol·L−1 (QD2), 1 800 μmol·L−1 (QD3), 2 000 μmol·L−1 (QD4), and 3 000 μmol·L−1 (QD5), along with one non-spray control under drought (CK1) and another under normal watering condition (CK2). Contents of chlorophyll, malondialdehyde (MDA), and flavonols as well as antioxidant activities of the seedlings were determined. Result The foliar spray of Q significantly elevated the contents of chlorophyll and flavonols as well as the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD) and reduced MDA in the seedling leaves over those under CK1, but not to the levels under CK2. The principal component and membership function analyses showed the average drought resistance of QD1, QD2, QD3, QD4, and QD5 to be 0.735, 0.641, 0.738, 1.389, and 0.828, respectively, indicating a superior treatment effect of 2,000μmol Q·L−1. Conclusion Spraying Q solutions on the chestnut seedlings appeared to mitigate cellular damages induced by drought stress. The treatment raised the antioxidant enzyme activities and chlorophyll content while reduced MDA that retarded cell membrane peroxidation on the leaves with the greatest effect displayed by the application of Q at a concentration of 2 000 μmol·L−1.
2024,
39(4):
482-491.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2024.04.013
Abstract:
Objective Mitochondrial genome and phylogeny of Bactrocera (B.) tuberculata were studied for advancement on the molecular markers design, species identification, and evolutionary genetics relating to the destructive fruit fly. Methods High-throughput sequencing was applied to determine, assemble, join, and annotate the complete genome of B. (B.) tuberculata mitochondria. With the sequences on selected 20 species published on NCBI, the phylogeny of fruit flies was analyzed using the maximum likelihood method (ML). Results The total mitochondrial genome sequence was 15 854 bp long containing 13 protein coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, 2 rRNA genes, and one non-coding control gene with 73.2% A+T. There were 3 755 codons in the 13 protein-coding genes. Of the 22 amino acid codons in the protein, UUA (leucine) had the highest frequency (N) of 387 and relative codon (RSCU) of 3.79. Aside from the phenylalanine (F) and threonine (T) that lacked pseuduracine (T) rings and the serine (S1) without a dihydrouracil DHU ring, the secondary structures of the remaining 19 tRNA genes shaped typically like a canonical cloverleaf. And the 22 genes had 178 mismatched G-U base pairs. Based on the mitochondrial analysis, the phylogeny of B. (B.) tuberculate, B. (B.) dorsalis, and B. (B.) carambolae were closely related and in the same branch as other subgenera. The result agreed with what was revealed by the morphological observation. Conclusion For the first time, the complete mitochondrial genome of B. (B.) tuberculata was obtained with a GenBank accession number of MW 892726. The information secured on the structure and nucleotide composition of the mitochondria and the phylogenetic relation with other subgenera would aid further studies on the species identification, evolutionary biology, and pest control of the devastating pest.
2024,
39(4):
492-502.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2024.04.014
Abstract:
Objective Key genes involved in the detoxification of pyroxsulam in naked barley were identified to facilitate breeding an herbicide-tolerant variety. Method Leaves of herbicide-sensitive Qing 0160 and herbicide-resistant Qing 0306 naked barley were treated with pyroxsulam for 0, 1, or 6 d prior to a high throughput transcriptome sequencing. Result The GO of the differentially expressed genes were significantly enriched in photosynthesis before as well as after the pyroxsulam treatment. Significant KEGG enrichment of the genes related to antioxidants in the glutathione metabolic pathway and the stress-related genes in the phenylpropanol and pyridine alkaloid biosynthesis pathways was observed 1d after the treatment. And 6 d afterward, the genes related to the biological processes that maintain the cell function as well as the biosynthesis and metabolism of amino acids were significantly enriched. Further analysis indicated that the expressions of SOD21972, POD55052, CAT15170, DHAR59510, APX42784, GR34873, GSTs849, GSTs36979, GSTs31507, GSTs15106, andGSTs20762 were upregulated, while PSⅡ55705, Cc31194, Cc17547, Cc17551, and CYP12424 downregulated. POD55052 in the herbicide-sensitive naked barley was highly expressed but not in the herbicide-resistant counterparts. On the other hand, the expressions of SOD21972, CAT15170, DHAR59510, APX42784, GR34873, GSTs849, GSTs36979, GSTs31507, GSTs15106, GSTs20762, PSⅡ55705, Cc31194, Cc17547, Cc17551, and CYP12424 were higher in the herbicide-resistant than in the herbicide-sensitive naked barley. It suggested that they might be involved in the pyroxsulam-resistance of the plants. Conclusion The basically same trend shown in this study on the gene express by qRT-PCR and the transcriptome sequencing unveiled the genes possibly associated with the pyroxsulam detoxification mechanism of naked barley. The information would facilitate the breeding of an herbicide-resistant variety.
