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1
2009, 24(2): 183-190.
Abstract：
This paper reviews the research on the citrus disease,huanglongbing(HLB),in China since 1978.It covers the disease geographical distribution and damages,host plant,studies on the pathogen,diagnosis and detection,transmission and epidemic,as well as control of HLB.
This paper reviews the research on the citrus disease,huanglongbing(HLB),in China since 1978.It covers the disease geographical distribution and damages,host plant,studies on the pathogen,diagnosis and detection,transmission and epidemic,as well as control of HLB.
2
2012, 27(6): 583-588.
Abstract：
This experimentation was designed to help understand the antigenic and immunogenic rules of Aeromonas hydrophila (Ah). Indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed the ratios of the antibody titers of the rabbit anti-ZN1-outer membrane protein (OMP) serum to the expression product, Mah-TrxA, and the recombinant protein of thioredoxin and a major adhesion agent and ZN1-OMP to be 1∶3 200 and 1∶12 800, respectively; and the ratios of the antibody titers of the rabbit anti- Mah-TrxA serum to Mah-TrxA and ZN1-OMP to be 1∶12 800 and 1∶1 600, respectively.Carp epithelial tumor cells (EPC) were used to study the adhesion effect of different sources and serotypes of Ah to EPC, as well as the biological functions played by Mah-TrxA.The adhesion test indicated that Ah were separated from the fish, the serotypes were O∶Ah10501, O∶9, and O∶CQ-1; the adhesion rate of Ah to EPC was greater than 97%; ATCC7966 was separated from milk, the serotype was O∶1; and, the adhesion rate of ATCC7966 to EPC was 78.5%.The results indicated that Mah-TrxA and the rabbit anti-Mah-TrxA serum could significantly inhibit or block the bacterial adhesion to EPC.It suggested that the fusion protein expressed through genetic engineering techniques in Ah had similar antigenicity and immunogenicity as the wild strain, ZN1.
This experimentation was designed to help understand the antigenic and immunogenic rules of Aeromonas hydrophila (Ah). Indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed the ratios of the antibody titers of the rabbit anti-ZN1-outer membrane protein (OMP) serum to the expression product, Mah-TrxA, and the recombinant protein of thioredoxin and a major adhesion agent and ZN1-OMP to be 1∶3 200 and 1∶12 800, respectively; and the ratios of the antibody titers of the rabbit anti- Mah-TrxA serum to Mah-TrxA and ZN1-OMP to be 1∶12 800 and 1∶1 600, respectively.Carp epithelial tumor cells (EPC) were used to study the adhesion effect of different sources and serotypes of Ah to EPC, as well as the biological functions played by Mah-TrxA.The adhesion test indicated that Ah were separated from the fish, the serotypes were O∶Ah10501, O∶9, and O∶CQ-1; the adhesion rate of Ah to EPC was greater than 97%; ATCC7966 was separated from milk, the serotype was O∶1; and, the adhesion rate of ATCC7966 to EPC was 78.5%.The results indicated that Mah-TrxA and the rabbit anti-Mah-TrxA serum could significantly inhibit or block the bacterial adhesion to EPC.It suggested that the fusion protein expressed through genetic engineering techniques in Ah had similar antigenicity and immunogenicity as the wild strain, ZN1.
3
2011, 26(4): 611-614.
Abstract：
Based on the morphological appearances and descriptions in literature,a simple and convenient method for identifying the sex of diamondback moth(DBM),Plutella xylostella(Linnaeus),was developed.The results showed that the sex of the first-and second-instar larvae was not easily distinguishable by naked eyes or optical microscopic observation.However,the male third-and fourth-instar larva showed a lighter colored fifth abdominal segment than that on the female counterparts.On the male pupae,a lump on each side of a short,longitudinal slip was visible near the gonopore on the 9th abdominal segment.The female pupae had a long,longitudinal slip between the genital pore on the 8th abdominal segment and the oviporus on the 9th segment.The adult males had characteristic brown wings with a wavy edge on the posterior margin and a yorked abdominal end.The female adults,on the other hand,were lighter in color and bigger on body size than the males,and had their abdominal ends appeared round in shape.
Based on the morphological appearances and descriptions in literature,a simple and convenient method for identifying the sex of diamondback moth(DBM),Plutella xylostella(Linnaeus),was developed.The results showed that the sex of the first-and second-instar larvae was not easily distinguishable by naked eyes or optical microscopic observation.However,the male third-and fourth-instar larva showed a lighter colored fifth abdominal segment than that on the female counterparts.On the male pupae,a lump on each side of a short,longitudinal slip was visible near the gonopore on the 9th abdominal segment.The female pupae had a long,longitudinal slip between the genital pore on the 8th abdominal segment and the oviporus on the 9th segment.The adult males had characteristic brown wings with a wavy edge on the posterior margin and a yorked abdominal end.The female adults,on the other hand,were lighter in color and bigger on body size than the males,and had their abdominal ends appeared round in shape.
4
2023, 38(8): 989-1003.
DOI: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2023.08.014
Abstract：
Objective A molecular biology identification method to detect common plant-derived functional ingredients in health food products using genetic barcodes was developed.
Method By means of retrospective investigation, 5 common health food raw materials in China, i.e., American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius), Dendrobium candidum, rhodiola (Rhodiola nobilis), wolfberries (Lycium barbarum L.), and ginseng (Radix Ginseng), were firstly tested for functional ingredients using the best extraction method on the target DNA. A stable, efficient, and accurate PCR reaction system was constructed with primer sequence designed based on the conservative characteristics of ITS2 internal transcribed spacer and components of each substance adjusted and optimized. Molecular identification on health food products of various forms was tested using the developed method.
Result The innovative application of a modified CTAB method afforded successful extraction of the target DNA in health food materials as well as products at commonly formulated dosages. The PCR amplified with the detection sensitivity on nucleic acids of American ginseng, D. candidum, and rhodiola reached 1 ng·μL−1, and of wolfberries and ginseng 0.1 ng·μL−1.
Conclusion By using the ITS gene barcodes obtained through the DNA extraction and PCR amplification, the key functional ingredients from plant materials such as American ginseng, ginseng, D. candidum, wolfberries, and rhodiola rosea could be identified for authentication of health food products in the forms of pills, tablets, and concoctions.
5
2019, 34(1): 9-15.
DOI: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2019.01.002
Abstract：
Objective To improve the success rate in crossing, expedite the hybridization process, and provide information for future reference on the vegetable soybean breeding program specifically designed for the climatic conditions of Fujian Province.
Method An experimentation employing 9 variations on floral budding time, sepals retention and pollination period with 3 combinations of soybean varieties for each hybridization treatment was conducted on rain-free autumn days.
Result (1) Conducting emasculation and pollination on buds within the first 3 days in the initial flowering stage significantly or extremely significantly improved the survival rates of the hybrid. The rates were 11.34% higher on the 1st day, 12.00% on the 2nd day and 8.67% on the 3rd day than on the 5th day buds. The true hybridization obtained was greater than 90%. (2) Retaining sepals on the buds effectively protected the pistil stigmas and young pods, as well as rendered a hybrid survival rate of 5.34% and a true hybridization rate of 97.92%. And, (3) Performing pollination the day after emasculation resulted in a 21.34% higher hybrid survival rate than if the pollination was carried out in the same morning.
Conclusion The recommended hybridization procedures were, therefore, to sow seeds in double rows with the parents adjacent to each other and the father sowed 5 days in advance for 7 days in autumn, utilize buds no later than 3 days after flowering, cross under rain-free condition, remove two and retain 3 sepals on a bud, eliminate all flowers, treat the petals and stamens in the afternoon, perform pollination between 6:00 to 8:00 a.m. on the day after emasculation, and handle with care during the entire growth period.
6
2011, 26(6): 947-951.
Abstract：
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) FJ-11A strain was isolated from piglets suffering from a severe diarrhea in a pig farm of Fujian Province using Vero cell.The PEDV ORF3 gene was obtained using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method according to the sequence download from the GenBank.The results showed that the ORF3 gene of the FJ-11A strain was 675 bp, encoding an open reading frame (ORF) with 224 amino acids.Compared with the ORF3 gene published previously in GenBank by DNAstar software, the ORF3 sequence of FJ-11A strain had the highest nucleotide homology at 99.3% with CPF1074 and PFF513, isolating in South Korea, and also had 97.8% homology with vaccine strain CV777. Based on genetic evolutionary, the PEDV strains which isolated in China were in the same phylogenetic relationship, whereas the candidate vaccine strains (attenuated DR13 and CV777) were in the other phylogenic lineage.
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) FJ-11A strain was isolated from piglets suffering from a severe diarrhea in a pig farm of Fujian Province using Vero cell.The PEDV ORF3 gene was obtained using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method according to the sequence download from the GenBank.The results showed that the ORF3 gene of the FJ-11A strain was 675 bp, encoding an open reading frame (ORF) with 224 amino acids.Compared with the ORF3 gene published previously in GenBank by DNAstar software, the ORF3 sequence of FJ-11A strain had the highest nucleotide homology at 99.3% with CPF1074 and PFF513, isolating in South Korea, and also had 97.8% homology with vaccine strain CV777. Based on genetic evolutionary, the PEDV strains which isolated in China were in the same phylogenetic relationship, whereas the candidate vaccine strains (attenuated DR13 and CV777) were in the other phylogenic lineage.
7
Abstract：
Field experiments were conducted to study the effect of Monosodium Glutamate Organic Compound Fertilizer on planting cucumber.The yield and quality of cucumber and the content of free amino acid and microbe-carbon in soil were analyzed.Results showed that the mix application of chemicals and monosodium glutamate organic fertilizers increased the cucumber yield and improved the soil quality in available N、P、K,free amino acid and biologic-carbon.Compared with chemical fertilizer,mixed compound fertilizers increased the cucumber yield about 2.5%-7.9% and improved its qualities in the contents of Vc,soluble sugar and biologic-carbon for about 4.9%-19.6%,6.7%-25.5% and 26.7%-59.5%,respectively.Concomitantly,the nitrate content of the cucumber was decreased for 0.4%-12.8%.Total carbon content of microbial biomass correlated to the organic nitrogen applied to soil with monosodium glutamate fertilizer was fitted well with one dimensional linear equation.
Field experiments were conducted to study the effect of Monosodium Glutamate Organic Compound Fertilizer on planting cucumber.The yield and quality of cucumber and the content of free amino acid and microbe-carbon in soil were analyzed.Results showed that the mix application of chemicals and monosodium glutamate organic fertilizers increased the cucumber yield and improved the soil quality in available N、P、K,free amino acid and biologic-carbon.Compared with chemical fertilizer,mixed compound fertilizers increased the cucumber yield about 2.5%-7.9% and improved its qualities in the contents of Vc,soluble sugar and biologic-carbon for about 4.9%-19.6%,6.7%-25.5% and 26.7%-59.5%,respectively.Concomitantly,the nitrate content of the cucumber was decreased for 0.4%-12.8%.Total carbon content of microbial biomass correlated to the organic nitrogen applied to soil with monosodium glutamate fertilizer was fitted well with one dimensional linear equation.
8
2012, 27(5): 481-484.
Abstract：
A clustered spikelets mutant(Cl-dz) controlled by single recessive gene was found in the progeny of a rice breeding material, its phenotype characteristic was that 2 or 3 spikelets cluster on the second stem in the shape of "W". Genetic analysis indicated that the trait was a recessive trait genetically controlled by single gene. The F2 mapping population was constructed by hybridization between mutant Cl-dz and G46. And the gene Cl-dz was mapped between SSR markers, RM6036 and RM1340 in chromosome 6 of rice. The genetic distance was 3.6 cM and 7.0 cM, respectively.
A clustered spikelets mutant(Cl-dz) controlled by single recessive gene was found in the progeny of a rice breeding material, its phenotype characteristic was that 2 or 3 spikelets cluster on the second stem in the shape of "W". Genetic analysis indicated that the trait was a recessive trait genetically controlled by single gene. The F2 mapping population was constructed by hybridization between mutant Cl-dz and G46. And the gene Cl-dz was mapped between SSR markers, RM6036 and RM1340 in chromosome 6 of rice. The genetic distance was 3.6 cM and 7.0 cM, respectively.
9
2010, 25(2): 226-234.
Abstract：
In recent years,the biological characteristics,kinetic factors and community ecology of endophytes have become the popular topics for bio-research. With the extension of the field of study and development of new methodologies,endophytic research has reached the areas of biological prevention and medical applications. This article describes the discovery and definition of endophytes,and discusses the future development and existing problems of endophytic research from the viewpoints of biodiversity,dynamics,research methodology,as well as the agricultural and medical applications.
In recent years,the biological characteristics,kinetic factors and community ecology of endophytes have become the popular topics for bio-research. With the extension of the field of study and development of new methodologies,endophytic research has reached the areas of biological prevention and medical applications. This article describes the discovery and definition of endophytes,and discusses the future development and existing problems of endophytic research from the viewpoints of biodiversity,dynamics,research methodology,as well as the agricultural and medical applications.
10
2020, 35(2): 217-225.
DOI: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2020.02.013
Abstract：
Objective A green, environmentally friendly, safe and efficient process to extract polyphenols from tea was explored and optimized using the response surface method.
Methods Tieguanyin tea was used for the extraction with deep eutectic solvents (DESs). After the DES was selected and a single factor experiment conducted, the time, temperature and water content in solvent were optimized for the process with respect of polyphenol extraction rate by a response surface experimentation. Antioxidant capacity of the extract was determined according to the DPPH radical scavenging rate.
Results Lactic acid and betaine of a molar ratio of 2:1 with a water content of 30% and a substrate-to-solvent ratio of 1:40 (g:mL) were chosen for the extraction at 60oC for 40 min. The response surface method optimized the process to apply a moisture content of 32.15% of DESs for a 46.79 min-extraction at 62.48℃ with a yield of polyphenols at 15.42%. The polyphenol extract was analyzed by HPLC to show a gallic acid content of 1.40%, catechins of 84.99%, and the remainders of 13.61%. The semi-scavenging concentration (IC50) of the extract was 73.89 μg·mL-1, which was 37.80% higher than that of ascorbic acid.
Conclusion The newly developed DESs extraction significantly improved the polyphenol extraction rate from Tieguanyin tea over the conventional process.
11
2012, 27(8): 901-908.
Abstract：
With the strengthening of human activities, more and more zinc had enter soil system. This course included mining, urbanization, transportation, application of fertilizer and sewage sludge, etc. The soil Zinc pollution had threaten environment and human health, so soil pollution control and remediation was very important. Therefore, this paper reviews the research results on the content, pollution sources, nutrition and toxicity of Zinc. In this paper, harness approaches including engineering control, chemoremediation and bioremediation were summarized. Finally, this summary high lights existing problems of Zinc Pollution and Remediation of Soil System, meanwhile this paper suggests future directions for progress.
With the strengthening of human activities, more and more zinc had enter soil system. This course included mining, urbanization, transportation, application of fertilizer and sewage sludge, etc. The soil Zinc pollution had threaten environment and human health, so soil pollution control and remediation was very important. Therefore, this paper reviews the research results on the content, pollution sources, nutrition and toxicity of Zinc. In this paper, harness approaches including engineering control, chemoremediation and bioremediation were summarized. Finally, this summary high lights existing problems of Zinc Pollution and Remediation of Soil System, meanwhile this paper suggests future directions for progress.
12
1993, 8(2): 1-4.
Abstract：
Banana bunchy-top virus (BBTV) has been purified from diseased banana tissues in Fujian province,China.The banana tissues are pulverized with liquid nitrogen in a coffee grinder.The extracts are clarified with chloroform-butanol,and concentrated by one cycle of differential centrifugation.The suspension of the pellets is further centrifuged on the top of two layer sucrose cushions with 10% and 30% concentrations.The particles in the cushions are collected, concentrated, resuspended and centrifuged on the top of 0 - 40 % sucrose density gradient.The virus particles in a UV-absorbing band on the uppper tube of the sucrose density gradient are further purified in a discontinuous density gradient of cesium sulfate and form a narrow visible band containing a large number of highly purified isometric virus with the diameter about 18 nm.The virus is able to be detected in the process of purification by ELISA with the monoclonal antibody a-gainst BBTV which provided from Taiwan University, and be trapped by ISEM from the clarified extract.The monoclonal antibody has been used to diagnose the field-growing banana samples and tissue culture seedlings.
Banana bunchy-top virus (BBTV) has been purified from diseased banana tissues in Fujian province,China.The banana tissues are pulverized with liquid nitrogen in a coffee grinder.The extracts are clarified with chloroform-butanol,and concentrated by one cycle of differential centrifugation.The suspension of the pellets is further centrifuged on the top of two layer sucrose cushions with 10% and 30% concentrations.The particles in the cushions are collected, concentrated, resuspended and centrifuged on the top of 0 - 40 % sucrose density gradient.The virus particles in a UV-absorbing band on the uppper tube of the sucrose density gradient are further purified in a discontinuous density gradient of cesium sulfate and form a narrow visible band containing a large number of highly purified isometric virus with the diameter about 18 nm.The virus is able to be detected in the process of purification by ELISA with the monoclonal antibody a-gainst BBTV which provided from Taiwan University, and be trapped by ISEM from the clarified extract.The monoclonal antibody has been used to diagnose the field-growing banana samples and tissue culture seedlings.
13
2011, 26(5): 818-821.
Abstract：
The saccharification of cassava starch was studied by using dextrose equivalent as index. The effect of single factor was analyzed in the best efficiency of saccharification. Results showed that the proper value of the factor were for temperature 60 to 65℃, reaction time 105 to 115 min, enzyme level 1.5 to 2.5 mL, pH 3.5 to 4.5 and rotation rate in 180 rpm, respectively. However, the optimum parameters for saccharification were determined by orthogonal experiments as pH at 4.0, with enzyme of 2 mLL-1 and in which treated for 105 min at 65℃. Saccharification efficiency (DE) could reach to 105%.
The saccharification of cassava starch was studied by using dextrose equivalent as index. The effect of single factor was analyzed in the best efficiency of saccharification. Results showed that the proper value of the factor were for temperature 60 to 65℃, reaction time 105 to 115 min, enzyme level 1.5 to 2.5 mL, pH 3.5 to 4.5 and rotation rate in 180 rpm, respectively. However, the optimum parameters for saccharification were determined by orthogonal experiments as pH at 4.0, with enzyme of 2 mLL-1 and in which treated for 105 min at 65℃. Saccharification efficiency (DE) could reach to 105%.
14
2012, 27(4): 443-451.
Abstract：
Ecosystem service is vital for the survival of living beings on this planet. This paper reviews the recent domestic and foreign studies relating to the definition, content, methodologies, evaluation and research progress of the ecosystem services. Suggestions for further studies are also presented.
Ecosystem service is vital for the survival of living beings on this planet. This paper reviews the recent domestic and foreign studies relating to the definition, content, methodologies, evaluation and research progress of the ecosystem services. Suggestions for further studies are also presented.
15
2010, 25(5): 606-609.
Abstract：
On an appropriate medium,Fujian's Dendrobium candidum Wall.ex Lindl was studied for its seed germination,plantlet strength,rooting and transplantation.The results indicated that the seeds germinated well and quickly on the medium consisting of MS +sucrose 30 gL-1 +agar 7 gL-1.To strengthen the plantlet and encourage root formation,the best formulation was found to be 1/4MS +sucrose 40gL-1 +potato extract 100 mgL-1+agar 7gL-1.The transplanting survival rate,average number of new buds and average number of new buds that were longer than 3 cm could best be obtained when the mixture of sawdust and peat in the ratio of 1:2 was used for the plantlet transplantation.
On an appropriate medium,Fujian's Dendrobium candidum Wall.ex Lindl was studied for its seed germination,plantlet strength,rooting and transplantation.The results indicated that the seeds germinated well and quickly on the medium consisting of MS +sucrose 30 gL-1 +agar 7 gL-1.To strengthen the plantlet and encourage root formation,the best formulation was found to be 1/4MS +sucrose 40gL-1 +potato extract 100 mgL-1+agar 7gL-1.The transplanting survival rate,average number of new buds and average number of new buds that were longer than 3 cm could best be obtained when the mixture of sawdust and peat in the ratio of 1:2 was used for the plantlet transplantation.
16
2011, 26(5): 899-906.
Abstract：
This review was focused on the virulent and avirulent genes and the regulation of Ralstonia solanacearum pathogenicity. Ralstonia solanacearum had been described as a species-complex bacterium, therefore, many technology were applied to identify this bacterium. Meanwhile, the identification of R. solanacearum became more and more quick, convenient and sensitive. The genome of R.solanacearum strain had a size of 5.8 Mb with a high (G+C) content and a coding potential for approximately 5 120 proteins. It was organized in two replicons, a 3.7 Mb chromosome and a 2.1 Mb megaplasmid. The products of type III hrp section system, extrapolysaccharide, cell wall degrading enzymes such as pectinolytic and cellalolytic enzymes constituted were the major factors for the pathogenicity. All of these were mainly related to the hrp gene cluster, avr gene and virulence genes. The Type III secretion system (T3SS) and Type II secretion system (T2SS) that directly translocated effector proteins into the host cells were essential for the development of disease. Moreover, T2SS functionally interacts with T3SS. The virulence and pathogenicity genes of R. solanacearum were controlled by an elaborate sensory network. The system used PhcA concentration as a core to regulate the expression of pathogenic factors, and thus the growth status of bacteria.
This review was focused on the virulent and avirulent genes and the regulation of Ralstonia solanacearum pathogenicity. Ralstonia solanacearum had been described as a species-complex bacterium, therefore, many technology were applied to identify this bacterium. Meanwhile, the identification of R. solanacearum became more and more quick, convenient and sensitive. The genome of R.solanacearum strain had a size of 5.8 Mb with a high (G+C) content and a coding potential for approximately 5 120 proteins. It was organized in two replicons, a 3.7 Mb chromosome and a 2.1 Mb megaplasmid. The products of type III hrp section system, extrapolysaccharide, cell wall degrading enzymes such as pectinolytic and cellalolytic enzymes constituted were the major factors for the pathogenicity. All of these were mainly related to the hrp gene cluster, avr gene and virulence genes. The Type III secretion system (T3SS) and Type II secretion system (T2SS) that directly translocated effector proteins into the host cells were essential for the development of disease. Moreover, T2SS functionally interacts with T3SS. The virulence and pathogenicity genes of R. solanacearum were controlled by an elaborate sensory network. The system used PhcA concentration as a core to regulate the expression of pathogenic factors, and thus the growth status of bacteria.
17
2012, 27(5): 524-532.
Abstract：
A total of 18 isolates with general characteristics of Rhizobium were isolated from root nodules of Chinese milk vetch from different areas of Fujian. 16S rDNA sequence analysis was conducted on these bacteria with the purpose of determine the phylogenetic analyses. The result showed that YX、Z3、GZ and ZK1 were Mesorhizobium; B3、XZ、M6 were Mesorhizobium loti or varieties, ZLH2 was Xanthomonas, M3、M10、B4、B7、ZK7 and ZQH were Agrobacterium, B6、B5、B1 and Z1 were Rhizobium. For the purpose of investigate the nodulation performance of the identified bacterial, water culture and agar tube culture were applied between the part of identified rhizobial striains and milk vetch Minzi 1、Minzi 5、Minzi 6、Minzi 7 and 80410411. This study not only further elucidate the diversity of Chinese milk vetch rhizobium, but also provides a simple and feasible method to explore the differences in the ability of different rhizobium nodulation by contrast the different of nodulation with the agar tube culture and water culture.
A total of 18 isolates with general characteristics of Rhizobium were isolated from root nodules of Chinese milk vetch from different areas of Fujian. 16S rDNA sequence analysis was conducted on these bacteria with the purpose of determine the phylogenetic analyses. The result showed that YX、Z3、GZ and ZK1 were Mesorhizobium; B3、XZ、M6 were Mesorhizobium loti or varieties, ZLH2 was Xanthomonas, M3、M10、B4、B7、ZK7 and ZQH were Agrobacterium, B6、B5、B1 and Z1 were Rhizobium. For the purpose of investigate the nodulation performance of the identified bacterial, water culture and agar tube culture were applied between the part of identified rhizobial striains and milk vetch Minzi 1、Minzi 5、Minzi 6、Minzi 7 and 80410411. This study not only further elucidate the diversity of Chinese milk vetch rhizobium, but also provides a simple and feasible method to explore the differences in the ability of different rhizobium nodulation by contrast the different of nodulation with the agar tube culture and water culture.
18
2012, 27(2): 211-215.
Abstract：
Flavonoids are one kind of the most important substance in citrus fruits. Extraction methods for flavonoids (solvent method, microwave method, enzyme decomposition method, supercritical fluid extraction method and ultrasonic extraction method) were summarized, as well as isolation-purification method for flavonoids (column chromatography method, thin layer chromatography method, macroporous resin adsorption method and high speed counter current chromatography method,) All these provided reference for the study of flavonoids from Citrus. These data may supply useful information to extraction and purification of flavonoids from the citrus fruits.
Flavonoids are one kind of the most important substance in citrus fruits. Extraction methods for flavonoids (solvent method, microwave method, enzyme decomposition method, supercritical fluid extraction method and ultrasonic extraction method) were summarized, as well as isolation-purification method for flavonoids (column chromatography method, thin layer chromatography method, macroporous resin adsorption method and high speed counter current chromatography method,) All these provided reference for the study of flavonoids from Citrus. These data may supply useful information to extraction and purification of flavonoids from the citrus fruits.
19
2011, 26(2): 309-320.
Abstract：
Proteins encoded by MADS-box play an important role in regulating flower development.Since the monocot rice and the eudicot Arabidopsis are distantly related plant species,to compare the floral organ identity factors and their functions between the two species would help further understand the flower development of rice.
Proteins encoded by MADS-box play an important role in regulating flower development.Since the monocot rice and the eudicot Arabidopsis are distantly related plant species,to compare the floral organ identity factors and their functions between the two species would help further understand the flower development of rice.
20
2019, 34(4): 495-501.
DOI: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2019.04.018
Abstract：
Objective Essential oil was extracted from peels of passion fruits, and its aromatic compounds determined for potential applications.
Method The essential oil was obtained using a steam extraction, and the volatiles collected by the solid phase micro extraction and analyzed by GC-MS with the aid of NIST/WILEY followed by verification with reference database.
Result A total of 263 chemicals were detected that consisted of alkanes (31.05%), esters (30.46%), acids (20.88%), alcohols (7.46%), aldehydes (3.76%), and ketones (1.54%). The aromatics were hexyl caproate, hexanol hexanoate, octyl butyrate, geranyl butyrate, dodecanoic acid-ethyl ester, citronellol, menthol, etc.
Conclusion In addition to the aromas of apple, pear, orange, melon, lemon, peach, cherry, citrus, and coconut, a variety of flavoring elements in grass, flower, nut, wine, and medicine were also existed in the essential oil. It appeared that the passion fruit peels could be utilized as raw material for making spices, food ingredients, health food, and/or cosmetics.
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