Hybridization of Vegetable Soybean Designed for Climatic Conditions in Fujian

  Objective  To improve the success rate in crossing, expedite the hybridization process, and provide information for future reference on the vegetable soybean breeding program specifically designed for the climatic conditions of Fujian Province.

  Method  An experimentation employing 9 variations on floral budding time, sepals retention and pollination period with 3 combinations of soybean varieties for each hybridization treatment was conducted on rain-free autumn days.

  Result  (1) Conducting emasculation and pollination on buds within the first 3 days in the initial flowering stage significantly or extremely significantly improved the survival rates of the hybrid. The rates were 11.34% higher on the 1^st day, 12.00% on the 2^nd day and 8.67% on the 3^rd day than on the 5^th day buds. The true hybridization obtained was greater than 90%. (2) Retaining sepals on the buds effectively protected the pistil stigmas and young pods, as well as rendered a hybrid survival rate of 5.34% and a true hybridization rate of 97.92%. And, (3) Performing pollination the day after emasculation resulted in a 21.34% higher hybrid survival rate than if the pollination was carried out in the same morning.

  Conclusion  The recommended hybridization procedures were, therefore, to sow seeds in double rows with the parents adjacent to each other and the father sowed 5 days in advance for 7 days in autumn, utilize buds no later than 3 days after flowering, cross under rain-free condition, remove two and retain 3 sepals on a bud, eliminate all flowers, treat the petals and stamens in the afternoon, perform pollination between 6:00 to 8:00 a.m. on the day after emasculation, and handle with care during the entire growth period.